Biological Psychology

Question 0

Name the parts of the Neurons

Answer 0

Soma: of cell body

Dendrite: branches that receive messages and relay them to the cell

Axon: transports info in the form of electrochemical reactions from the cell body to the end of the neuron

Axon Terminals: house ventricles that contain neurotransmitters

Question 1

Name the types of cells in the nervous system.

Answer 1

Neurons: send and receive messages throughout the body

Glial: specialized cells that are responsible for immune response, removing waste, and synchronizing the billions of Neurons.

Question 2

What is myelin and what kind of cell is it?

Answer 2

Glial cell

Insulates axons and increases efficiency and speed of neural communication

Question 3

What is resting potential and at what charge does it rest?

Answer 3

The relatively stable state when the neuron isn’t transmitting messages.

-70 mV

Question 4

A positive electrical charge that is carried away from the cell body and down the length of the axon is a(n)

Answer 4

Action potential

Question 5

What is the function of glial cells?

Answer 5

Produce myelin

Question 6

The Neurons will fire when the ions on the inside of the cell body are

Answer 6

When they shift to a threshold more positive than the resting potential

Question 7

How do sensory and motor nerves differ?

Answer 7

Sensory nerves carry messages toward the brain while motor nerves carry it away

Question 8

For a trait to evolve, it must have a(n)…basis

Answer 8

Heritable

Question 9

Evolution is best defined as

Answer 9

A change in gene frequency over generations

Question 10

The chemical units that provide instructions on how specific proteins are to be produced are called

Answer 10

Genes

Question 11

A person who is homozygous for a trait

Answer 11

Has identical copies of a gene

Question 12

What is epigenetics?

Answer 12

The study of changes in gene expression that occur as a result of experience and that do not alter the genetic code

Question 13

What is behavioural genetics?

Answer 13

The study of how genes and the environment influence behaviour

Question 14

What is behavioural genomics?

Answer 14

The study of DNA and the ways in which specific genes are related to behaviour

Question 15

What is the space between a axon terminal and dendrite called?

Answer 15

The synaptic cleft

Question 16

Name the 6 neurotransmitters

Answer 16

Glutamate

GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

Question 17

What is the major function of serotonin

Answer 17

Regulation of mood, sleep, aggression and appetite

Question 18

What is the major function of norepinephrine?

Answer 18

Memory; paying attention to new and important stimuli. Also regulates sleep and mood

Question 19

What is the major function of Dopamine

Answer 19

Controls movement, cognition and attention, as well as reward seeking behaviour

Question 20

What is the major function of acetylcholine?

Answer 20

Movement and attention

Question 21

What is the major function of GABA

Answer 21

Inhibits brain activity, lowers arousal, anxiety, excitation and facilitates sleep

Question 22

What is the major function of Glutamate

Answer 22

Excites nervous system. Responsible for memory and autonomic nervous system reactions

Question 23

Describe the 2 effects drugs have on neurotransmitters

Answer 23

Agonists: enhance or mimic the effects of neurotransmitters

Antagonists: inhibits by blocking receptors/preventing synthesis of new neurotransmitters

Question 24

What is an endorphin?

Answer 24

A hormone produced by pituitary gland/hypothalamus that reduces pain and induces feelings of pleasure

Question 25

What's are the two components of the nervous system?

Answer 25

Peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system

Question 26

What two structures make up the CNS?

Answer 26

Brain and spinal cord

Question 27

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 27

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Question 28

The autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions; what are they?

Answer 28

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 29

What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 29

Fight or flight response

Question 30

What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 30

Maintains homeostasis

Question 31

What are the different structures/regions of the brain

Answer 31

Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain Cerebral cortex

Question 32

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 32

Frontal lobe: thought, language, planning, movement Parietal lobe: sensory processing, bodily awareness Occipital lobe: visual processing Temporal lobe: hearing, object recognition, language and emotion

Question 33

What are the parts of the midbrain and what are they responsible for?

Answer 33

Superior colliculus: orientating visual attentions Inferior colliculus: orientating auditory attention

Question 34

What structures make up the Forebrain?

Answer 34

Basal Ganglia: movement and reward processing Amygdala: emotion Hippocampus: memory Hypothalamus: temperature regulation, motivation Thalamus: sensory relay station

Question 35

What connects the two halves of the brain?

Answer 35

Corpus callisum

Question 36

What is the left brain responsible for:

Answer 36

Language production Language comprehension Word recognition Arithmetic Moving the right side

Question 37

What does the right side of the brain do?

Answer 37

Visuospatial skills Emotional inotation Face recognition Attention Left body movement

Question 38

The ability to hear is based in which of the cerebral lobes?

Answer 38

Temporal

Question 39

Why would a person who underwent a split-brain operation be unable to name an object presented in his left field of vision but be able to correctly point to the same object

Answer 39

The right hemisphere is responsible for image perception, not language perception

Question 40

Damage to the somatosensory cortex would most likely result in what impairments

Answer 40

Lost or distorted sensations in the region of the body corresponding to the damaged area

Question 41

What is lesioning?

Answer 41

A technique in which researchers intentionally damage an area of the brain

Question 42

What is TMS?

Answer 42

Trans cranial magnetic stimulation An emp is delivered to a targeted region of the brain. Might disrupt ability or improve

Question 43

What are the three structural imaging techniques?

Answer 43

Computerized tomography: X-rays are sent through a tube that rotates the head MRI: using magnetic field to determine the absorption and release of energy while in said field Diffusion tensor imaging: measures white matter pathways in the brain

Question 44

What is functional neuroimaging and the tests done?

Answer 44

EEG: measures brain activity with the use of multiple electrodes Magnetoencephalography: measures tiny magnetic fields created by the electrical activities of nerve cells Positron emission tomography: a low level radioactive isotope is injected into the bloodstream and it's movement through the blood in the brain while engaged in a particular task