Biological Psychology

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

nerve cell specialized for communication

Question 2

Dendrite

Answer 2

portion of neuron that receives signals

Question 3

axon

Answer 3

portion of neuron that sends signals

Question 4

synaptic vesicle

Answer 4

spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

Question 5

neurotransmitter

Answer 5

neurotransmitter
chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

Question 6

synapse

Answer 6

synapse
space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

Question 7

glial cell

Answer 7

glial cell
cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood–brain barrier, responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

Question 8

myelin sheath

Answer 8

myelin sheath
glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron’s signal

Question 9

resting potential

Answer 9

electrical charge difference (–60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

Question 10

action potential

Answer 10

electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

Question 11

absolute refractory period

Answer 11

time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

Question 12

receptor site

Answer 12

location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

Question 13

reuptake

Answer 13

means of recycling neurotransmitters

Question 14

neural plasticity

Answer 14

ability of the nervous system to change

Question 15

The Endocrine System - adrenal gland

Answer 15

adrenal gland
tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenaline and cortisol during states of emotional arousal

Question 16

The Endocrine System - endocrine system

Answer 16

endocrine system
system of glands and hormones that
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Question 17

The Endocrine System - hormone

Answer 17

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Question 18

The Endocrine System - pituitary gland

Answer 18

pituitary gland
master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body

Question 19

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 19

central nervous system (CNS)
part of nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior

Question 20

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 20

peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 21

cerebral ventricles

Answer 21

cerebral ventricles
pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provide the brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

Question 22

forebrain (or cerebrum)

Answer 22

forebrain (cerebrum)
forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities

Question 23

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 23

cerebral hemispheres
two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serve distinct yet highly integrated functions

Question 24

corpus callosum

Answer 24

corpus callosum
large band of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 25

cerebral cortex

Answer 25

cerebral cortex outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions

Question 26

frontal lobe

Answer 26

frontal lobe forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory, and planning

Question 27

motor cortex

Answer 27

motor cortex part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement

Question 28

prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

prefrontal cortex part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning, and language

Question 29

Broca's area

Answer 29

Broca’s area language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production

Question 30

parietal lobe

Answer 30

parietal lobe upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception

Question 31

temporal lobe

Answer 31

temporal lobe lower part of cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory

Question 32

Wernicke's area

Answer 32

part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speach

Question 33

occipital lobe

Answer 33

occipital lobe back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision

Question 34

primary sensory cortex

Answer 34

primary sensory cortex regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses

Question 35

association cortex

Answer 35

association cortex regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions

Question 36

basal ganglia

Answer 36

basal ganglia structures in the forebrain that help to control movement

Question 37

limbic system

Answer 37

emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory

Question 38

thalamus

Answer 38

thalamus gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex

Question 39

hypothalamus

Answer 39

hypothalamus part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state

Question 40

amygdala

Answer 40

amygdala part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal

Question 41

hippocampus

Answer 41

hippocampus part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory

Question 42

brain stem

Answer 42

brain stem part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla

Question 43

mid brain

Answer 43

midbrain part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound

Question 44

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 44

reticular activating system (RAS) brain area that plays a key role in arousal

Question 45

hind brain

Answer 45

hindbrain region below the midbrain that contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla

Question 46

cerebellum

Answer 46

cerebellum brain structure responsible for our sense of balance

Question 47

pons

Answer 47

pons part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum

Question 48

medulla

Answer 48

medulla part of brain stem involved in basic functions, such as heartbeat and breathing

Question 49

spinal cord

Answer 49

spinal cord thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body

Question 50

interneuron

Answer 50

interneuron neuron that sends messages to other neurons nearby

Question 51

reflex

Answer 51

reflex an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus

Question 52

somatic nervous system

Answer 52

somatic nervous system part of the nervous system that conveys information between the CNS and the body, controlling and coordinating voluntary movement

Question 53

autonomic nervous system

Answer 53

autonomic nervous system part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation

Question 54

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 54

sympathetic nervous system division of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after actions requiring fight or flight

Question 55

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 55

parasympathetic nervous system division of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion

Question 56

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication nerve cell specialized for communication

Answer 56

Neuron

Question 57

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication portion of neuron that receives signals

Answer 57

Dendrite

Question 58

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication portion of neuron that sends signals

Answer 58

axon

Question 59

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

Answer 59

synaptic vesicle

Question 60

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication neurotransmitter chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

Answer 60

neurotransmitter

Question 61

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication synapse space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

Answer 61

synapse

Question 62

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication glial cell cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood–brain barrier, responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

Answer 62

glial cell

Question 63

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication myelin sheath glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron’s signal

Answer 63

myelin sheath

Question 64

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication electrical charge difference (–60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited

Answer 64

resting potential

Question 65

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

Answer 65

action potential

Question 66

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate

Answer 66

absolute refractory period

Question 67

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

Answer 67

receptor site

Question 68

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication means of recycling neurotransmitters

Answer 68

reuptake

Question 69

# Nerve Cells & Neuronal Communication ability of the nervous system to change

Answer 69

neural plasticity