Biological Rhythms Flashcards
(23 cards)
why is biological rhythms important ?
- important influence on way which body systems behave
- all biological systems controlled by pacemakers which is the internal body clock
What are biological rhythms influenced by?
Exogenous Zeitbgebers = external changes in environment
Outline the difference between all three rhthyms
U - > 24 hours eg stages of sleep
C - lasts 24 hrs eg sleep wake cycle
I - cycle lasts < 24 hrs eg female menstrual cycle operates 28 day cycle
Outline one example of a circadian rhythm
- sleep wake cycle controlled by master endogenous pacemaker SCN
- ποΈ notice change in π‘ as it gets dark less light received by retina
- sends info to SCN stimulates pineal gland -> melatonin
- π detect π‘ exzt SCN reset maintains sleep wake cycle for around 24 hrs can be in syncrony w the outside world
Give RTS for circadian rhthms
P - Siffre
E - isolated himself cave for 6 mnths
biological clock free running no exogenous factors affected β±οΈ π‘
E - dv consistent cycle of 25 hrs contined to fall π΄ wakeup at same time
L - mainly controlled by SCN
D - some argue lasted longer than 24 hrs exogenous factors important in maintaining cird rhytm
Whats CA to siffre
P - low pop val
E - conducted case study w siffre only ppt may not be appr to GF on SWC to beyond siffre due to Indv Diff in SWC and CR
L - π΄ ppl CR slower and more easily influenced by exg zeit even in one of his replications own CR slowed
β¬οΈ Ext val of R into CR
whats strength of R into circadian rhythms
P - PRAC APPS
E - basic principles theory circ rhythm 24 hrs maintained endg pacemakers given Rβs better understanding of - conseq
E - night workers ππ· more period of reduced conc arnd 6 am = mistakes more likely
L - used by employers to manage work productivity conseq improves econ
important applied psych
Whats intro to infradian rhythms
- biological rhythms that last longer than 24 hrs
- example is female menstrual cycle oprrs 28 day cycle
Outline example of infradian rhythm endogenous system
- menstrual cycle lasts 28-35 days
- first day of womens period womb lining shed day before next period
- π§ pituiaty gland > FSH activates released oestrogen > ovaries causing egg to mature
- oestrogen dvs lining of womb progesterone = grow thicker
- preg β occur π₯ absorbed in body womb lining comes away cycle begins again
- mestrual cycle can be affected by exog factors such as stress/pheromones
Give RTC infradian rthyms
P - RTC infradian rhyms such as menstrual cycle governed by endog system conducted by Russel
E - sample of ππ»ββοΈ wear cotton pads under πͺπΌ then rubbed pads upper 𫦠5 sex inactive women process repeated 5 months
4/5 women dvs mestrual cycle synchronised w one day of donor cycle
L - can be affected by exg factors aswell controller by endogenous factors may influence length of IR
How can we discuss Russels Rβs effect of exogenous zeitbergers
P - field exp
E - low control over extra v R took park in natural env
E - other exg factors such as changes in π₯ and stress π affected IR
L - diff establish cause and effect bw influences of pheromones on maintaining infradian rhythm
weaknes extent of russels R contradict importance endog pacemakers on maintaining IR
Give a strength into R
P - despite methodological flaws in Infradian synchronisation R findings can be explained by evol psychs
E - wud have been advtg in our evolutionary past for social group to synchronise pregnancies so many ππ»ββοΈ could be breast πΌ at same time one mother take over caring orphaned child
L - improve chances of survival syncrhinisation of IR such as mestrual cycle adaptive strat supports exg factors influencing IR
Define the term ultradian rythm
- biological rhythm that occurs more freq than once every 24 hrs (shorter than 24 hrs)
one type of stages of sleep
How long does ultradian rythm last?
- 90 mins
- 5 stages of sleep alternates bw REM sleep and NREM sleep
example body is paralysed - known as sleep escalator/staircase person can exp 5 cycles per night repeat in rhythmic pattern
Describe stage 1 and 2 sleep stage
- light sleep stage person easily woken
- stage 1 = experience alpha waves
- stage 2 = alpha waves continue occasional random changes in pattern called sleep spindles (high freq protect π§ from awakening)
Describe stage 3 and 4
- Deep Sleep NREM
- brain waves are delta waves lower β¬οΈfreq + higher amplitude
- diff wake someone up at this point
Describe Stage 5 Sleep
- body paralysed
- π§ activity closely resembles that awake of π§
- π§ = theta waves eyes occasionally move around this called REM
- dreams often experienced in this stage may also occur in deep sleep
Give a stregnth of R ultradian rhytms
P - PRAC APPS in understanding age related changes in sleep
E - knowledge that growth hormone produced during stage 4 (slow wave sleep) associated w π€ deficit in old age as R found π΄ experience less stage 4 sleep
L - medication and relaxation techs dvd to β¬οΈ stage 4 π€ in older Iβs prevent some issues w old age such as reduced alertness
important in applied psych
Give second strength into UR
P - Scientific Methods
E - based on objective and empirical techs such as EEGβs to measure π§ activity controlled in lab settings
E - scientifically measure activity of π§ throughout 5 stages of sleep to identify length of rythm how many times rhytm occurs
L - increases psychs overall status and internal val of R
How can we discuss R into ultradian rhythms
P - however R low eco val
E - conducted on artificial setting so sleep exp by ppts in these studies may not reflect genuine sleep patterns
due to-unfamiliar surroundings > attached to electrodes
L - may alter length of UR diff GF to explain how ultradian rhythms
Define enodgenous pacemakers
- internal factors which help us maintain our biological rythms
- also thought that our rhythms entrained (synchronised) by exog zeitgebers such as π‘ and π₯ times
What are exogenous factors
- external factors which are in our env can influence SWC through
- entertainment such as π‘ resets SCN suggesting SWC not only influenced by endogenous pacemakers
What social cues affect SWC
- meal times and social interaction
- make us less alert once we have finished our evening meal
- R suggests adapting to local eating and sleepting times before travelling diff time zones prevent jet lag
- exg zeingebers do affect SWC
