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Hormones and Behavior > Biological Rhythms > Flashcards

Biological Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

Diurnal animals are active…

A

During the day

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2
Q

True or False: Crepuscular animals are active only at dawn

A

False: active at dawn or dusk (or both)

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3
Q

Circadian rhythms refer to…

A

revolution of the earth

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4
Q

Circatidal rhythms revolve around..

A

tides

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5
Q

Biological rhythms dictated by the season are called…

A

circannual

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6
Q

Phase of the moon

A

circalunar

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7
Q

An example of a rhythm lasting more than one day is

A

a infradian rhythm: menstrual cycle

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8
Q

True or False: in hamsters LH levels vary by hour, day and yearly

A

True

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9
Q

What was De Mairans’ isolation experiment?

A

leaves/petals open/close with the sun (even when in a box) - this indicates and internal or endogenous behavior

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10
Q

Which is NOT evidence for endogenous clocks:

  • behavior away from geophysical cues (e.g. spacecraft)
  • individual differences in absence of environmental cues
  • individuals housed together adopt similar rhythms
  • pattern can be transfered by tissue transplants
A

individuals housed together adopt similar rhythms

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11
Q

Zeitgeber

A

a potent environmental cue which regulates onset of rhythmic activities
Ex. Temp, rain, light

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12
Q

True or False: when exposed to constant dim lighting, hamsters will wheel run only in the time that would be night

A

False: constant dim light results in free running with a period of greater than 23 hours representing the endogenous circadian rhythm of the individual

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13
Q

True or False: Sleep is an example of an Ultradian rhythm

A

True: Ultradian - meaning less than one day

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14
Q

Parental behavior in rabbits is an example of

A

Circadian rhythms

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15
Q

Locomotor activity in fiddler crabs is an example of circalunar rhythms

A

False: fiddler crabs are circatidal rhyms while ant lion hunting behavior is circalunar

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16
Q

An exaple of a circannual rhythm is

A

animal migratory patterns and reproductive patterns/rhythms

17
Q

Which is Generally NOT true about circadian clocks:

  • inherited
  • independent of temperature
  • independent of chemical influence
  • entrain to limited cycle lengths
  • independent of species
  • independent of behavioral feedback
  • found at every level of organization
A

Independent of species

18
Q

True or False: the brain is the fundamental level of circadian clocks

A

False: plants don’t have brains, neither do single cell organisms, all which have circadian rhythms

19
Q

Which of these is NOT an important gene involving circadian rhythms:

  • per
  • mat
  • time
  • cry
A

mat

20
Q

Name three examples of circadian oscillators

A
  • eyes of amphibians
  • Pineal glands of fish, reptiles and birds
  • SCN of mammals
21
Q

True or false: the activity of SCN neurons peaks about 12 hours after lights are turned off

A

FALSE: peaks ~ 4 hours after lights are turned ON

22
Q

The three components of mammalian biological clocks are…

A
  • environmental light transduced via photoreceptors
  • oscillators in SCN
  • temporal information leaves SCN to synchronize behavior and physiology
23
Q

True or False: Providing estrogen to hamsters results in the loss of scalloping activity

A

False: Estrogen induces scalloping activity and can be eliminated by OVX

24
Q

True or False: Castration lengthen and androgens replacement restores the period of free-running locomotor behavior in male mice

A

True

25
Q

Circannual LH surges in ews are stimulated by

A

photoperiod

26
Q

True or False: Melatonin is secreted during the day in nocturnal animals

A

False: melatonin is only secreted at night in all animals

27
Q

T/F: high concentrations of steroid hormones completely inhibits secretion of GnRH and LH and this suppresses secretion of steroid hormones by gonads in Syrian hamsters and leads to gonadal regression

A

FALSE: low concentrations of steroid hormones

28
Q

T/F: Syrian hamsters must emerge into the light in the spring to activate the regrowth of their gonads

A

FALSE: In the absence of light, the gonads regrow and beging to produce steroid hormones and gametes in the spring - even when day length is much less than what is required to maintain the reproductive systems in the fall

29
Q

Phase delay when flying

A

WEST

30
Q

Phase advance when flying

A

EAST

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