Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminology Unit 2 > Biological Theories Of Criminality- Genetic Theories > Flashcards

Biological Theories Of Criminality- Genetic Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Twin and Adoption Studies
Key idea: Twins

A

If crime is genetic- identical (Mz) twins should have identical criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Twin and Adoption Studies
Twin study findings

A

Christiansen: Concordance in criminality Mz= 52% vs Dz= 22%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Twin and Adoption Studies
Key idea: adoption

A

Adoptees share environment of adoptive parents/genes of biological parents. If genetic, criminality will match biological parents more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Twin and Adoption Studies
Adoption study findings

A

Mednick et al: birth parents concordance= 20% vs. adopted parent concordance= 14.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Evaluating Twin and Adoption Studies:
Strength

A

Twin and adoption studies give some support to genetic explanations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evaluating Twin and Adoption Studies:
Strength

A

Adoption studies overcome the problems of isolating genes and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Evaluating Twin and Adoption Studies:
Strength

A

Research design of Adoption studies is logical (nature vs nurture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Evaluating Twin and Adoption Studies:
Limitation

A

If criminality was only genetic MZ twins would have 100% concordance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Evaluating Twin and Adoption Studies:
Limitation

A

It is impossible to isolate genetic and Gefechts fully from environmental ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Evaluating Twin and Adoption Studies:
Limitation

A

Adopted children often placed with similar families to their birth family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Jacobs XYY Study:
Key idea

A

XYY syndrome in males makes them genetically predisposed to criminality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Jacobs XYY Study:
Study

A

Compared rate of XYY in imprisoned criminals with general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Jacobs XYY Study:
Findings

A

Higher than average proportion of inmates had XYY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Jacobs XYY Study:
Features of XYY

A

Very tall, well-built, low intelligence, high aggression, violent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evaluating Jacobs XYY Study:
Strength

A

Jacob et al found association with XYY and violent prisoners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Evaluating Jacobs XYY Study:
Strength

A

Price and Watmore found links with XYY and property crime

17
Q

Evaluating Jacobs XYY Study:
Limitation

A

Having the syndrome doesn’t mean that is the cause of crime

18
Q

Evaluating Jacobs XYY Study:
Limitation

A

XYY men fit stereotype of violent offenders- labelling theory

19
Q

Evaluating Jacobs XYY Study:
Limitation

A

Low intelligence of XYY may give higher chance of being caught

20
Q

Evaluating Jacobs XYY Study:
Limitation

A

Syndrome is too rare to explain much crime

21
Q

Genetic explanation

A

Criminality is the result of genes inherited from biological parents

22
Q

Monozygotic

A

Identical twins that share 100% of the same genes

23
Q

Dizygotic

A

Non-identical twins that share only 50% of the same genes (like ordinary siblings)

24
Q

Environmental explanation

A

Criminality is the result of the surroundings a child grows up in

25
Q

Chromosomes

A

Made from DNA and protein. Carry genetic information we inherit from our parents. Most people have 23 pairs

26
Q

Super-male

A

Another term for XYY syndrome. Those affected carry and extra Y (male) chromosome on one of their 23 pairs

27
Q

Lombroso: Born Criminals:
Key idea

A

Criminals are physically different from non-criminals

28
Q

Lombroso: Born Criminals:
Study

A

Measured many criminals’ heads and faces

29
Q

Lombroso: Born Criminals:
Findings

A

Criminals more likely to have large jaws, long arms, aquiline noses

30
Q

Lombroso: Born Criminals:
Atavism

A

Criminals are throwbacks to primitive stage of evolution - pre-social, impulsive, reduced sensitivity to pain

31
Q

Lombroso: Born Criminals:
Further work

A

Insane criminals, epileptic criminals. Criminaloids- product of environment

32
Q

Evaluating Lombroso:
Strength

A

First person to study crime scientifically

33
Q

Evaluating Lombroso:
Strength

A

Shows importance of clinical and historical records of criminals

34
Q

Evaluating Lombroso:
Strength

A

Helps to focus on how prevention not punishment

35
Q

Evaluating Lombroso:
Limitation

A

No further evidence to link facial features and criminality

36
Q

Evaluating Lombroso:
Limitation

A

Did not compare with control groups of non-criminals

37
Q

Evaluating Lombroso:
Limitation

A

Racist. Equates criminals with savages/ non-western society

Criminology Unit 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions