biological treatment - drug/hormone

Question 1

what is paraphilia?

Answer 1

abnormal sexual drives that tend to involve dangerous activities

Question 2

what is pedophilia?

Answer 2

deviant erotic urge focused on children

Question 3

what is conduct disorder?

Answer 3

serious behavioural and emotional disorder that can occur in children and teens, may display patterns of disruptive and violent behaviour and have problems following rules

Question 4

what is oppositional disorder (ODD)?

Answer 4

condition in which a child displays an ongoing pattern of an angry or irritable mood, defiant or argumentative behaviour, towards people in authority
disrupts normal activities

Question 5

why might drug treatments be used with offenders?

Answer 5

to reduce or increase levels of neurotransmitters or to reduce certain hormones

Question 6

what behaviour is dopamine involved with?

Answer 6

aggression

Question 7

what part of the brain does dopamine affect?

Answer 7

the reward systems

Question 8

what does aggression activate?

Answer 8

activates the release of dopamine and generates rewarding feelings in the brain

Question 9

why does the individual continue to act aggressivkey because of dopamine?

Answer 9

it is a way to make them feel good

Question 10

how has role of dopamine in aggression been demonstrated in studies?

Answer 10

by using amphetamines

Question 11

what do amphetamines do?

Answer 11

increase levels of dopamine

Question 12

what have studies found about amphetamines?

Answer 12

that when people are given them, there is a corresponding increase in aggression

Question 13

how can aggression be reduced?

Answer 13

by using dopamine antagonists

Question 14

what is a type of drug that reduces the amount of dopamine?

how?

Answer 14

risperidone

blocking the dopamine receptors

Question 15

what is serotonin linked to?

Answer 15

maintaining mood control

Question 16

who can levels of serotonin be increased?

Answer 16

by the drug treatment selective serotonin inhibitors (SSIs)

Question 17

what do SSIs do?

Answer 17

type of antidepressant medication that prevent reabsorption of serotonin into the presynaptic neurone, increasing the amount that is available to pass messages between neurones

Question 18

what is a type of SSRI?

Answer 18

fluxetine

Question 19

what has been found about fluoxetine?

Answer 19

reduced aggression among a sample of personality disordered individuals with a history of aggression

Question 20

what are the side effects of fluoxetine?

Answer 20

drowsiness, constipation and nausea

Question 21

there are a key number of treatments aimed at addressing hormone imbalance contributing to what behaviour?

Answer 21

aggression

Question 22

which hormone is found in both men and women but a greater extent of men?

Answer 22

testosterone

Question 23

why does testosterone have a key role in men?

Answer 23

develops reproductive tissue and is required to maintain muscles strength and bone density

Question 24

which hormone is required maintain muscle strength and bone density in males?

Answer 24

testosterone

Question 25

who has been documented to have high levels of testosterone?

Answer 25

people with a history of aggression which may have lead to criminal behaviour

Question 26

who is hormone treatment normally focused to?

Answer 26

sex offenders

Question 27

what is hormone treatment based on?

Answer 27

the idea that sexual deviant behaviour comes from biological sources and suppressing sexual drive through drugs would then reduce these feelings

Question 28

what is the goal of hormone treatment?

Answer 28

to maintain a normal sexual drives, but to suppress deviant behaviour

Question 29

who might hormone treatment be aimed at?

Answer 29

pedophilia or paraphilia

Question 30

which method lead to the creation of hormone treatments?

Answer 30

surgical castration

Question 31

what is the reoffending rates for surgical castration?

Answer 31

5%

Question 32

linked to surgical castration, what do hormone treatments work to suppress?

Answer 32

androgens that have the same effect on sexual behaviour as surgical castration

Question 33

what is MPA?

Answer 33

a female hormone that works to decrease the functioning of testosterone

Question 34

what has been investigated to reduce levels of testosterone in males?

Answer 34

MPA acetate

Question 35

what does MPA do?

Answer 35

breaks down and eliminates testosterone and inhibits the production of luteinising hormone through the pituitary gland, which in turn inhibits production of testosterone

Question 36

what are side effects of MPA acetate?

Answer 36

breast enlargement, weigh gain and depression

Question 37

what does MPA acetate reduce?

Answer 37

sexual drive and deviant sexual fantasy and possible aggression

Question 38

what does CPA do?

Answer 38

reduces sexual drive and deviant fantasies

Question 39

where is CPA used?

Answer 39

Canada

Question 40

what are the side effects of CPA?

Answer 40

liver dysfunction and adrenal suppression

Question 41

what drug produces liver damage and adrenal suppression

Answer 41

CPA

Question 42

what problem do side effects have? (W)

Answer 42

may effect the willingness of the individual to take to drugs, side effects may be too severe to warrant the continued use of the drugs

Question 43

what can affect someones willingness to comply to take drugs?(W)

Answer 43

the fact that sometimes people have to be on drug treatments for a considerable amount of time before a change can be observed, may not wish to continue if don't see a change

Question 44

how can demand characteristics be reduced and why is this a strength?(S)

Answer 44

studies investigating the effects can use placebos controlled trials in which ppts do not know which group has been allocated to reduces DC increases validity and reliability

Question 45

why are there ethical issues which drug treatments?(W)

Answer 45

in relation to the rights of the offender in America there are protests about making people take drugs, including when it is part of their sentence, because t is against the eighth amendment

Question 46

why is it hard to establish cause and effect/effectiveness?(W)

Answer 46

as drug treatments not normally used on their own, normally have some form of psychological therapy as well, hard to establish which one is more effective

Question 47

what did hocker and winder find?

Answer 47

reported that 32 sex offenders at whatton prisons showed a reduction in reported frequency of sexual thoughts and excitability when taking fluoxetine

Question 48

what did leblanc find?

Answer 48

found that when using a trial of risperodone on adolescent boys with conduct and oppositional disorder there was a 64% reduction in symptoms