biological treatment for major affective disorder

Question 1

What is an example of MAO inhibitors?

Answer 1

Iproniazid : with harmful side effects

Question 2

Example for specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Answer 2

Tricyclic antidepressants: specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin

Question 3

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Answer 3

specifically reuptake DA and NE

Question 4

Lithium carbonate

Answer 4

effective in treating the manic phase in bipolar disorder but not MDD -> strong anti-suicidal effect

Question 5

Ketamine (glutamate antagonist, NMDA receptor antagonist)

Answer 5

effective for treatment-resistant depression

Question 6

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 6

electrical shock to head -> seizure
used therapeutically to alleviate severe depression
side effects of brain damage and memory impairments

Question 7

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 7

applied to frontal cortex reduces symptoms of depression w/o side effects of ECT

Question 8

deep brain stimulation (DMS)

Answer 8

stimulation of subgenual anterior cingulate (ACC) a region of the medial prefrontal cortex/nucleus accumbens
intrusive (hv implantations)