biological vocabulary

Question 1

Coccus:

Answer 1

sphere cell

Question 2

coel

Answer 2

hollow

Question 3

cycle

Answer 3

circle

Question 4

cyst

Answer 4

sac

Question 5

cyte

Answer 5

cell

Question 6

derm

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

duct

Answer 7

tube

Question 8

ectomy

Answer 8

removal

Question 9

gen

Answer 9

producer

Question 10

gene

Answer 10

origin

Question 11

evolution

Answer 11

the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

Question 12

variation

Answer 12

the difference in physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs

Question 13

adaptation

Answer 13

a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 14

heritability

Answer 14

the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

Question 15

artificial selection

Answer 15

the process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

Question 16

natural selection

Answer 16

a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations show different differential reproductive success

Question 17

population

Answer 17

all the individuals of a species that live in an area

Question 18

fitness

Answer 18

a measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment

Question 19

gene pool

Answer 19

the combined alleles of all the individuals in a population

Question 20

allele frequency

Answer 20

the measure of how common a certain allele is in the population

Question 21

biogeography

Answer 21

the study of the distribution of organisms around the world

Question 22

homologous structures

Answer 22

features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions

Question 23

analogous structures

Answer 23

structures that perform a similar functions but are not similar in origin

Question 24

vestigial structures

Answer 24

remnants of organs or structures found in an early ancestor that no longer serve a useful function or may now serve a different function

Question 25

coevolution

Answer 25

the process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other

Question 26

directional selection

Answer 26

occurs when one of the extreme phenotypes is favored

Question 27

disruptive selection

Answer 27

occurs when both extreme phenotypes are favored

Question 28

normal distribution

Answer 28

when the frequency is the highest near the mean value and decreases toward each extreme end of the range

Question 29

microevolution

Answer 29

the observable change on allele frequencies of a population over time

Question 30

stabilizing selection

Answer 30

occurs when an immediate phenotype is favored

Question 31

adaptive radiation

Answer 31

the process involving the diversification of one ancestral species into many descendant species

Question 32

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 32

bursts of evolutionary activity are followed by long period of stability

Question 33

convergent evolution

Answer 33

the evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species due to different species adapting to similar environments

Question 34

divergent evolution

Answer 34

the evolution in which closely related species evolve in different directions therefore, they become increasingly different

Question 35

extinction

Answer 35

the elimination of a species from earth