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právo > biologie - tkáně > Flashcards

biologie - tkáně Flashcards

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1
Q

tkáň

A

soubor buněk se stejnym puvodem, tvarem a funkci

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2
Q

epitel

A

tesne na sobe, pokryvaji telo, tvori organy, vystylaji dutiny

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3
Q

deleni epitelu podle tvaru

A

plochy, valcovity, kubicky

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4
Q

deleni epitelu podle vrstev

A

jednovrstvy, vicevrstny, viceradny, prechodny

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5
Q

deleni epitelu podle funkce

A

kryci a vystelkovy, zlazovy, resorpcni, smyslovy, respiracni

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6
Q

kryci a vystelkovy epitel

A

na povrchu tela, organu a v dutinach

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7
Q

zlazovy epitel

A

z bunek pojme, zpracuje a vylouci produkt a predava je do cev

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8
Q

resorpcni epitel

A

z bunek do prijimaji latky povrchem a predavaji je do cev

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9
Q

respiracni

A

k vymene plynu

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10
Q

smyslovy epitel

A

z bunek citlivych na podnety

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11
Q

pojivo

A

vyplnuje prostor mezi bunkami a organy

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12
Q

typy pojiva

A

chrupavka, kost, vazivo

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13
Q

vazivo

A

= vazivove bunky + mezibunecna hmota; material k vyplni jizev

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14
Q

typy vaziva

A

rosolovite, kolagenni, mezenchymove

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15
Q

chrupavka

A

= bunky + mezibunecna hmota; ke zpevneni organu/casti tela

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16
Q

typy chrupavky

A

kloubni, elasticka, vazivova

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17
Q

kost

A

tvrda tkan, mechanicka opora tela; mezibunecna hmota silne mineralizovana; = kostni bunky + anorganicka slozka + organicka slozka

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18
Q

anorganicka slozka v kostech

A

s vekem podil roste, kost je pevna, ale krehka

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19
Q

organicka slozka v kostech

A

= OSSEIN, dava pruznost a odolonost proti narazum

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20
Q

kostni bunky

A

osteoblasty, osteocyty, osteoklasty

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21
Q

typy kosti

A

fibrilarni, lamelarni

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22
Q

fibrilarni kost

A

mene pevna, puvodni typ kosti, postupne nahrazovana lamelarni kosti

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23
Q

lamelarni kost

A

tvori vetsinu kostry, zakladni stavebni jednotka = OSTEON

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24
Q

zakladni stavebni jednotka kosti

A

osteon

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25
kost - 2. prezka
zakladni stavebni clanek kostry, okostice + drenova dutina
26
okostice
kryje kost na povrchu, obsahuje: kolagen, elastin, fibroblasty, osteoblasty, osteoklasty; umoznuje kosti rust do sirky a hojit zlomeniny
27
drenova dutina
vyplnena kostni dreni (cervena, zluta, sediva)
28
cervena kostni dren
u deti ve vsech kostech, probiha v ni krvetvorba, postupne se meni ve zlutou
29
zluta kostni dren
= tukove vazivo = MOREK, zdroj energie, muze se premenit na sedou kostni dren
30
seda kostni dren
u starych a podvyzivenych lidi, degradace tukove tkane
31
typy kosti
dlouhe, kratke, ploche
32
dlouha kost
epifyza + diafyza + rustova chrupavka
33
kratke kosti (aspon 3)
obratle, zapestni kosti, dolni celist, kosti chodidla, nektere kosti lebky
34
ploche kosti (aspon 3)
lopatka, kycelni kost, hrudni kost, lebecni klenba
35
vznik kosti
primarni a sekundarni OSIFIKACE, z vaziva/chrupavky -> fibrilarni kost, z vaziva -> kosti obliceje, z chrupavky -> ostatni kosti
36
Sekundarni osifikace
fibrilarni kost -> lamelarni kost
37
OSIFIKACE
osteoblasty -> vstoupi do kostni hmoty do ktere se ulozi anorganicke latky -> osteocyty; osteoklasty degraduji starou kost -> vytvori misto pro novou kost -> remodelace kosti
38
rust kosti
rustove chrupavky - do delky, okostice - do sirky
39
kostra
soubor kosti, chrupavek a vaziva
40
slacha x vaz
slacha - spojuje sval; vaz - spojuje kosti se svalem
41
funkce kostry (aspon 3)
opora tela, ochrana organu, umoznuje pohyb, misto krvetvorby, zdroj energie
42
spojeni kosti
pevne (vazivem, chrupavkou, srustem), pohyblive (kloubni)
43
kloub
v kloubni dutine/sterbine je kloubni tekutina/maz (ziviny, mene treni), kloubni pouzdro zpevnuje, kloubni vazy = pruhy vaziva, kloubni desticky (lepsi stabilita kloubu, chrupavcivita), MENISKUS a DISKUS
44
typy kloubu
jednoduchy a lozeny, kulovity, valcovity, sedlovy
45
osova kostra
= pater + hrudnik
46
pater
krcni obratle, hrudni obratle, meeziobratlove plotenky, bederni obratle, krizove obratle, kostrc
47
zakriveni patere
krcni lordoza, hrudni kyfoza, bederni lordoza, krizova kyfoza
48
obratle
krcni, hrudni, bederni
49
kostra horni koncetiny
klicni kost, lopatka, kost pazni, kost loketni + vretenni, kosti zapestni a zaprstni, clanky prstu
50
kostra dolni koncetiny
kost panevni, kost stehenni, čéška, kost lytkova + holenni, kostiu zanarti, clanky prstu
51
nemoci kosterni soustavy
plocha zada, hrudni hyperkyfoza, bederni hyperlordoza, plocha noha, osteoporoza, artritida, osteoartroza, pakostice
52
pakostice
spatny jidelnicek - alkohol, saldke napoje, maso a dary more; zvysena hladina kyseliny v mocove krvi -> v kloubech a ve slachach
53
osteoartroza
destrukce chrupavek; bolest kloubu -> boli vsechno KOLEM chrupavky
54
artritida
autoimunitni onemocneni, zanety a bolesti kloubu
55
osteoporoza
ridnuti kosti; kvuli podvyzive nebo veku, malo vitaminu D; bolesti zad, lomivost kosti
56
plocha noha
zborceni klenby nohu; kvuli nadvaze, dlouhym stáním, spatnou obuvi
57
skolioza
= vychyleni patere do strany, ochable svalstvo, vadne drzeni tela
58
lebka
tvorena vice kostmi vestniou pevne spojenymi; funkce = ochrana mozku a smyslovych organu
59
otvory lebky
ocnice, nosni dutina, tylni otvor, dutina ustni
60
casti lebky
mozkova a oblicejova

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