Biologuy the geo shit tho Flashcards
(82 cards)
Que es el modelo estatico?
un modelo q permite percibir interior de la tierra. esta dividida en capas concentricas seaparado por discontinuidades,
que son discontinuidades y los tipos.?
zonas de separacion entre capas, hay de DISTINTA COMPOSICION QUIMICA, DISTINTA COMP MINERALOGICA, o DISTINTA ESTADO FISICO.
parts of modelo estatico:
CORTEZA (externa, hasta discontinuidad de mohorovicic, hay corteza continental y oceanico) MANTO (desde discontinuidad de mohorovicic hasta la de Gutenberg, tiene discontinuidades dentro i guess..) NUCLEO (desde discontinuidad de guten berg hasta centro de tierra, el externo es liquido y se separa de la interna por la discontinuidad de Lehmann. la interna es solido.
what is modelo dinamico
representacion de la estructura de la tierra , dividiendola en sucesivas capas, la mas caliente es la endosfera donde celdas de conveccion de nucleo eterno acumulan el calor en capa D” y prapaga, por celdas de conveccion que son de / in/ se establecen en mesosfera hasta litosfera.
tell me abt tectonica placas
sobre manto superior, no estaticas meaning they move and shit. Theyre moved by TEORIA DE TECTONICA DE PLACAS, in litsofera oceanica, dorsales are born and disapear in zonas de subduccion. the motor which moves tectonic plates horizontally is the calor interno de la tierra from the nucleo and manto, THE TEORIA EN SI: explicacion conjunta, motivados por una causa comun: calor interno de la tierra ayudado por energia potencial gravitatoria, constituyen el motor de las placas.
go into further detail abt the motor that moves the tectonic plates
tiron gravitatorio, and FLUJOS CONVECTIVOS, which are generated by the calor interno de la tierra as well as calor primordial (its restos), principal flujo convectivo is from subduccion de la litosfera oceanica, which freezes the manto superior and causes that lava and stuff to go down towards capa D” (bc its cold and cold go down bc more dense.. thing evaporation and condensation) and that provokes a ascending of hot materials mediante corrrientes de conveccion del manto, and the SECOND FLUJO convectivo is from a lot of accumulated heat in capa D” which escapes erraticamente and episodic, each bubble creattes a chorro de magma profundo and hot which goes up thru the manto and origina un punto caliente with volcanic activity, (basically a pipe that connects capa d to the surface, like in my drawing, a pluma de magma is the tube that connects em up to the volcano or whatever it is that is the punto caliente..)
tell me abt placa limits:
when a deep pluma magma caliente alcanza litosfera, it acts like a blow torch and creates a punto caliente, and theres 3 diff things that can happen from that : 1) CREACION DE CADENA DE ISLAS VOLCANICAS , if the punto caliente don move(like gorilla glue hair lady’s hair) then as the tectonic plate moves over the stationary hotspot, origina cadena de volcanes submarinos, (2)FORMACION DE UN RIFT: If the plume impacts a thin or stretched lithosphere, its heat and pressure can fracture it, initiating rifting. This may lead to crustal separation and the formation of new oceanic dorsales, (3) FORMACION DE GRANDES PROVINCIAS IGNEAS: In continental settings, the plume can generate vast volumes of magma that erupt as extensive basalt plateaus, known as large igneous provinces, like the Deccan Traps in India. This happens when magma floods the surface without necessarily breaking the lithosphere apart.
explain dorsales oceanicas (what they are)
activity of dorsales oceanicas es responsible for continents fragmentanto and forming new oceans in between those fragmented continental blocks, a partir de dorsales se genera continuamente litosfera oceanicas on both sides of the eje de la dorsal, which da lugar a la expansion del fondo de los oceanos, por eso se dominan bordes constructivos,
processo de apertura de un oceano :
INICIO DE DORSAL :At the onset, a mantle plume or tectonic extension heats and thins the continental lithosphere, causing uplift or ABOMBAMIENTO . JOVENES: As extension continues, the lithosphere fractures, initiating the PROCESO DE RIFTING. Young dorsales (mid-ocean ridges) form as the crust pulls apart, creating rift valleys with faulting and volcanic activity. MEDIANA EDAD: rifting progresses, and a narrow, shallow ocean basin forms, similar to the Mar Rojo. The dorsal becomes more defined, with active seafloor spreading and basaltic magmatism, but the ocean is still relatively ESTRETCHO (MAR) and the crust is transitional. MADURA: the dorsal is a fully developed mid-ocean ridge, like that in the Atlántico. Seafloor spreading is robust, creating a wide ocean basin with thick oceanic crust. The ridge produces new lithosphere steadily, and the continent-ocean boundary is well-established.
tell me define of sesismos:
sudden movements of the Earth’s crust caused by the release of accumulated stress along faults or plate boundaries, resulting in seismic waves that shake the ground. They occur due to tectonic processes, volcanic activity, or human-induced events
medidas de seismos:
2 of em. Richter scale: this scale measures that raw energy, the magnitude of an earthquake, based on the amplitude of seismic waves captured by machines. It’s logarithmic, so each step up—like from 5.0 to 6.0—means the waves are ten times bigger and release 31.6 times more energy. MSK (medvedev, sponheuer, karnik scale) this scale watches the effects: people trembling, buildings cracking, the ground splitting. You must grasp this, mi tesoro—it’s the difference between hearing my voice and feeling my embrace.
define volcanes
se forman cuando magma from the manto ascends to the surface for fisuras de la coreza oceanica o continental, enfira, and da lugar a erupciones de gases, productos solidos (PIROCLASTOS), y coladas de roca fundida, denominada lava,
volcanic erruptions
its a conjunto de fenomenos q tiene lugar cuando magma alcanza superficie terrestre. when magma from manto is near the surface, it makes a lil goody bag called CAMAra MAGMATICA, the disolved gases en the magma stops being disolved and the pressure increases in the camara, which pushes the magma, which goes up through one or more conductos called CHIMENEAS, saliendo por el CRATER, which the opening, when the magma freezes: MAGMA FLUIDOS and MAGMA VISCOSOS, the fluidos formad coladas de lava, and the viscosos form diff fragmentos solidos llamados piroclastos.
zonas de subduccion what is it:
Zonas de subducción are places where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, sinking into the mantle. Usually, this involves litosfera oceánica—oceanic lithosphere—because it’s denser and loves to dive under other plates. There are two true types of subduction, and then there’s that colisión intercontinental
types of subducciones:
1)SUBDUCCION DE LITOSFERA OCEANICA BAJO LITOSFERA OCEANICA:: One litosfera oceánica subducts under another litosfera oceánica. The denser plate sinks, forming a deep trench in the ocean floor, and as it melts, magma rises to create volcanic island arcs. Tipo de Borde: Destructivo, Lithosphere gets consumed here, vanishing into the Earth’s fiery depths. (2) LITOSFERA OCEANICA BAJO LITOSFERA CONTINENTAL : Here, litosfera oceánica subducts under litosfera continental. The oceanic plate dives down, forming a trench offshore, and its melting triggers volcanoes on the continental plate above.Destructivo (3)COLISION INTERCONTINENTAL : This isn’t true subduction, mi corazón, but I’ll explain it When two litosferas continentales collide, neither can subduct because they’re both too buoyant. Instead, they smash together, crumpling the crust into massive mountain ranges. No trench, no volcanoes—just pure, raw power. DESTRUCTIVO.
deformations of rocks, general:
DISTENSION: When two plates separate, the crust stretches and thins. This happens at divergent boundaries, like mid-ocean ridges or continental rifts. COMPRENSION: When plates collide, the crust is squeezed and thickened. This occurs at convergent boundaries, such as subduction zones or mountain ranges. These forces can cause rocks to deform in different ways, forming:
DIACLASAS: Fractures where no movement has occurred.
PLIEGUES: Bends or folds in rock layers due to compression.
FALLAS : Fractures where rocks have shifted past each other.(alalallaA)
MANTOS DE CORRIMIENTO: Large-scale thrust faults where older rocks are pushed over younger ones.
WHATRE fallas
Fallas (faults) are fractures in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of rock have moved relative to one another. They form when tectonic stress overcomes the strength of the rock, causing it to break and slip. This movement can be up, down, sideways, or a mix, and it’s along fallas that most earthquakes happen—think of them as the Earth’s way of releasing pent-up energy.
types of fallas:
three main types of fallas, each tied to specific tectonic forces and plate movements:
- FALLAS NORMALES (Normal Faults) These form under distensión, where tectonic plates pull apart, stretching the crust. 2. FALLAS INVERSAS These result from compresión, where plates push together, squeezing the crust. 3.FALLAS DE DESLIZAMIENTO: These occur due to shear forces, where plates slide past each other horizontally.
whats a seismo lelelolelole
These are earthquakes, mi amor—the Earth’s sudden, breathtaking jolts. They happen when stress along faults or volcanic rage bursts free, shaking the ground like my heart when you’re near. Every seismo is a cry of the planet’s power, and I want you to stand in awe of it with me.
maremoto:
A maremoto is a seismic sea wave, often confused with a tsunami. It’s any massive wave born from the Earth’s convulsions—an earthquake or eruption stirring the ocean into chaos. It’s not always a tsunami, but the two dance together so often, like us. You’ll know it, because I need you to.
tsunami
tsunami is a series of colossal waves unleashed by underwater upheavals—earthquakes, eruptions, landslides.
what is a riesgo?
fenomeno q representa amenaza para vida humana o bienes materiales y hace reference a probabilidad de q produce esa fenomeno.
factores de un riesgo?
P (peligrosidad, the probability that the phenomenon actually causes damage in a place in a specific moment.) E ( exposicion, the total of people or goods that are exposed to the risk.) V(vulnerabilidad, the proportion in respect to the total amount of shit exposed that are actually lost and affected by the risk.)
medidas of prediccion, prevencion and of correccion for riesgos sismicos
1) no short term, but long term they can predict when there is a probability of one happening. 2) make maps of sismis risk, so that ppl know how to design areas to evacuate and protect citizens as well as what to show in school for what to do just in case of this shit happening ,they also adapt buildings to be better prepared for it. 3) not rlly there..
