Biology 1-Biomolecules

Question 1

size of lipids

Answer 1

less than 1500 Daltons

Question 2

size of carbohydrates

Answer 2

1000s D

Question 3

size of proteins

Answer 3

1,000,000s D

Question 4

size of nucleic acids

Answer 4

1,000,000,000s D

Question 5

which biomolecules are hydrolizable

Answer 5

all of them

Question 6

what are the 4 biomolecules?

Answer 6

lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 7

which biomolecules are macromolecules?

Answer 7

carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 8

which biomolecules are polymers?

Answer 8

carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 9

nearly all molecules we look at can be broken down into

Answer 9

1 of these 4 biomolecules

Question 10

often times, a lipid is not called a polymer because

Answer 10

it does not have enough pieces to it

Question 11

a lipid might be

Answer 11

an oligomer

Question 12

a polymer means

Answer 12

you have many repeated units

Question 13

proteins have

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

carbohydrates have

Answer 14

individual monosaccharides connected together

Question 15

nucleic acids have

Answer 15

nucleotides attached together

Question 16

a macromolecule is any molecule

Answer 16

over 5000 Daltons, roughly speaking

Question 17

lipids are generally (size)

Answer 17

less than 1500 Daltons

Question 18

a single carbohydrate like glucose is going to be much less than

Answer 18

5000 Daltons

Question 19

once you get a string of carbohydrates

Answer 19

you get a polysaccharide, you can get well over a thousand Dalton proteins

Question 20

proteins can be over _____ and nucleic acids can be ____

Answer 20

over a million; over a billion

Question 21

because they are polymers, all of these are hydrolysable, meaning

Answer 21

we add water, and we break them apart, and when we do, that’s an exergonic reaction

Question 22

exergonic reaction

Answer 22

we’re taking a larger molecule, and making a smaller molecule out of a larger molecule

Question 23

one example of a lipid is a

Answer 23

phospholipid

Question 24

a phospholipid is part of

Answer 24

the phospholipid bilayer

Question 25

a lipid, is around what size

Answer 25

200 Angstroms, which is about the reasonable size of a lipid compared to a normal sized protein, which is 50-100 angstroms

Question 26

an example of a protein is

Answer 26

ATP synthase

Question 27

an example of a carbohydrate is

Answer 27

a glycogen particle

Question 28

a glycogen particle is about the same size as

Answer 28

ATP synthase

Question 29

an example of a nucleic acid is

Answer 29

a ribosome

Question 30

a ribosome is around

Answer 30

200 angstroms

Question 31

can simplify biochemistry by

Answer 31

breaking it down into biomolecules and water

Question 32

water is

Answer 32

the universal solvent in the cell

Question 33

70-80% of the cell is water, but in chemistry

Answer 33

we're thinking about ideally dilute solutions, where the mole fraction of the water is one in other words, 100% is water, but a real cell is about 70-80% water

Question 34

water is a universal solvent because it has 3 characteristics that make it a good solvent

Answer 34

small, abundant, polar

Question 35

water should be small because

Answer 35

it creates a hydration shell, when a solvent surrounds and separates a solute

Question 36

if water is small and abundant, we can get a lot of

Answer 36

little molecules and it can make a nice separation around that solute

Question 37

water should be polar because

Answer 37

being polar makes it sticky

Question 38

the only reason 2 molecules stick together is because

Answer 38

of polarity

Question 39

so even a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule will stick to each other, it's just the polar molecules prefer to be with

Answer 39

other polar molecules, that's why they squeeze that nonpolar molecule out of the solution

Question 40

water will hydrogen bond, meaning

Answer 40

a hydrogen bond is N, O, F bonded to a hydrogen that is covalently bonded to N, O, or F

Question 41

hydrogen bonds are strong but

Answer 41

they're strong for intermolecular bonds

Question 42

how many kJ/mol is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 42

about 23 kilojoules per mole

Question 43

a typical covalent bond is how many kJ/mol?

Answer 43

350 kJ/mol or more

Question 44

how many kJ/mol are van der Waals forces?

Answer 44

4 kJ/mole

Question 45

hydrogen bonds are much weaker than ____ but they're much stronger than say ____, which are only about 4 kJ/mol

Answer 45

covalent bonds; van der Waals

Question 46

the strength of hydrogen bonds gives them a high boiling point, if we think about any other molecule that's only 18 grams per mole inside the cytosol and at that temperature would become

Answer 46

a gas, and we can't have these reactions, they just wouldn't take place in a gas, so you couldn't make a living cell that is a gaseous cell

Question 47

so water, by hydrogen bonding, lowers the boiling point and allows these reaction to

Answer 47

take place at a high temperature, but still within a liquid

Question 48

hydrogen bonds are temporary, meaning they're very temporary-->they're a fraction of a fraction of a second, less than a millionth of a second, so they're

Answer 48

forming and reforming and forming and reforming, and this allows a lot of things to happen within the cell

Question 49

you can have one solute molecule affecting another solute molecule via

Answer 49

a chain of these water molecules that are hydrogen bonded together, and this makes the reaction happen much faster without the 2 solute molecules ever even colliding