Biology

Question 1

How can we see cells?

Answer 1

through a microscope

Question 2

what is the unit for measuring cells?

Answer 2

micrometres

Question 3

how to calculate magnification of an image?

Answer 3

magnification= size of image/real size of image

Question 4

what is the maximum magnification of a light microscope

Answer 4

x1500

Question 5

what cells are within an animal cell?

Answer 5

ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus

Question 6

what does mitochondria do?

Answer 6

aerobic respiration takes place

Question 7

what does the cell membrane do?

Answer 7

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 8

what are the cells that are found in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

Answer 8

chloroplasts, vacuole and cell wall

Question 9

what is the cell wall

Answer 9

made from cellulose which holds the shape of the cell

Question 10

what is chloroplast?

Answer 10

holds a green pigment called chlorophyll which allows photosynthesis to occur

Question 11

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 11

a cell that does not contain a nucleus

Question 12

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

a cell that does contain a nucleus

Question 13

what structures are within DNA?

Answer 13

chromosomes

Question 14

what are the codes for DNA?

Answer 14

genes

Question 15

what is mitosis?

Answer 15

the division of a parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 16

name all the phases in mitosis order

Answer 16

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 17

what are stem cells?

Answer 17

cells that have not gone under differentiation

Question 18

what is differentiation?

Answer 18

unspecialised cells becoming specialised

Question 19

what are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 19

a type of cell found in the embryo that can develop into any type of cell

Question 20

what are adult stem cells?

Answer 20

found in adults in specific locations, but can differentiate into a limited amount of cells, can be found in the bone marrow

Question 21

what does a palisade mesophyll do?

Answer 21

carry out photosynthesis

Question 22

what does spongy mesophyll do>

Answer 22

allows gas exchange in the leaf

Question 23

problem with embryonic stem cells?

Answer 23

ethical problems

Question 24

what is a meristem?

Answer 24

a plant cell that can replicate and produce cells at a fast rate- asexual reproduction

Question 25

what is a bone marrow transplant?

Answer 25

when stem cells in the bone marrow are transferred from a donor to a patient

Question 26

what is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 26

stem cells are produced by a patient to replace the specialised cells they have lost.

Question 27

how can the rate of diffusion be affected?

Answer 27

concentration gradient, temperature and surface area of cell

Question 28

what is osmosis?

Answer 28

area of high water concentration to low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane

Question 29

how to calculate change in mass

Answer 29

change in mass= mass at end-mass at start/ mass at start x 100

Question 30

what is active transport?

Answer 30

movement of molecules from low to high water concentrations, and move against the concentration gradient

Question 31

levels of organ system:

Answer 31

organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 32

what do carbohydrates do?

Answer 32

source of energy

Question 33

what do lipids do?

Answer 33

make up part of cell membrane

Question 34

what do proteins do?

Answer 34

growth and repair

Question 35

what is a metabolism?

Answer 35

all the reactions of a smell

Question 36

what are the regions in the digestive system?

Answer 36

mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine

Question 37

what breaks down the food?

Answer 37

digestive enzymes

Question 38

what is a catalyst?

Answer 38

speeds up reactions

Question 39

carbohydrates-->

Answer 39

simple sugars through carbohydrase

Question 40

protein-->

Answer 40

amino acids through protease

Question 41

lipid---->

Answer 41

fatty acids +glycerol through lipase

Question 42

what muscles are the made made out of ?

Answer 42

cardiac muscles

Question 43

blood enters the heart through...

Answer 43

atria

Question 44

the blood enters from the vena cava to

Answer 44

the right atrium

Question 45

what acts as a natural pacemaker

Answer 45

specialised cells

Question 46

blood is transported in:

Answer 46

arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 47

ateries have a high amount of

Answer 47

pressure

Question 48

capillaries have a high amount of

Answer 48

pressure

Question 49

types of blood cells:

Answer 49

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Question 50

what do white white blood cells contain:

Answer 50

phagocytes, engulfs pathogens and infections. Lymphocytes which produce antibodies when a microorganism enters the body.

Question 51

what causes coronary heart disease?

Answer 51

a build up of fatty plaque that reduces blood flow

Question 52

what two ways can treat cardiovascular disease?

Answer 52

stents and statins

Question 53

what does the xylem do?

Answer 53

transport minerals and water

Question 54

what does phloem do?

Answer 54

transports sugars and amino acids

Question 55

what is transpiration?

Answer 55

loss of water due to evaporation in the stomata

Question 56

what is translocation?

Answer 56

transport of dissolved materials

Question 57

name the 4 types of pathogens:

Answer 57

virus, bacteria, protists, fungi

Question 58

ways of transmitting pathogens:

Answer 58

direct contact, air, water, vectors and food

Question 59

what is a communicable disease?

Answer 59

a disease caused by pathogens

Question 60

what is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 60

a disease not transferred between people

Question 61

what is a vaccine?

Answer 61

a dead or altered pathogen injected in you to fight it and create antibodies

Question 62

what do anibiotics stop?

Answer 62

the growth of bacteria

Question 63

what do painkillers stop?

Answer 63

relieves the symptoms but does not kill the pathogen

Question 64

what is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 64

carbon dioxide + water----> oxygen + glucose

Question 65

what type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 65

endothermic

Question 66

what is endothermic?

Answer 66

energy taken in

Question 67

what factors affect photosynthesis?

Answer 67

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

Question 68

what type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 68

exothermic

Question 69

aerobic respiration equation?

Answer 69

glucose +oxygen----> carbon dioxide + water

Question 70

what are both anaerobic respiration equations for plant and animal?

Answer 70

plant- glucose---->carbon dioxide + ethanol | animal- glucose---> lactic acid