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Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional unit of the Kidney

A

Nephron

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2
Q

First step of cellular respiration that splits glucose

A

Glycolysis

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3
Q

Disease caused by lack of collagen that results in overly flexible joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

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4
Q

Form of endocytosis when cells in the immune system completely engulf organisms. Lysosomes break the rest down. Macrophages

A

Phagocytosis

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5
Q

Programmed cell death which is initatied by the BAX and BAD proteins

A

Apoptosis

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6
Q

mRNA codons match up with a tRNA molecule to create a polypeptide

A

Translation

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7
Q

Waxy outer layer of plants that protects against viruses

A

Cuticle

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8
Q

Wright-Fisher model models this phenomenon by solving the Markov chain

A

Genetic Drift

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9
Q

Deletion of CTT nucleotides leads to this disease

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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10
Q

Animals that have a uropygial gland that gives off oil

A

Birds

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11
Q

Unlike Hemoglobin, this element does not bind with oxygen, so it does not have a binding curve

A

Myoglobin

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12
Q

Plot that calculates the number of angles in each protein monomer

A

Ramachandran plot

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13
Q

Some have a skeletal structure made up of spicules

A

Porifira

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14
Q

Male organ of the plant

A

Stamen

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15
Q

Lipids that form the bilayer of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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16
Q

Uncontrolled cell death like gangrene

A

Necrosis

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17
Q

Doctor who discovered that cancer cells relied on glycolysis

A

Warburg

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18
Q

Organisms that only grow without oxygen

A

Obligate

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19
Q

Technique that uses synthetic primers to match DNA bits

A

PCR

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20
Q

Organelle that is connected to the nuclear envelope

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

Methionine is produced by the “start” ones, TAA, TAG, and TGA for DNA

A

Codon

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22
Q

means “little brain”, back of brain, balance

A

cerebellum

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23
Q

Climbing fibers in this area of the brain, controls heart rate

A

Medulla

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24
Q

Extra lobe called Lalouette’s pyramid, Hashimoto and Graves disease

A

Thyroid gland

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25
Component in Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution, takes part in gluconeogenesis
Lactic Acid
26
Miller–Fisher syndrome takes place here
Cerebellum
27
"Jumping genes" ac'ds system in Maize
Transposons
28
Polymer in mollusks that makes up the exoskeleton, strengthened with Sclerotin
Chitin
29
When cells link around their cytoplasm not their nuclei, seen in Fungi
Plasmogamy
30
Flux around it determined with the GHK (or Goldman) equation
Cell Membrane
31
Process of "Knocking down" a gene, initiated by the enzyme dicer
RNA interference
32
TIM/TOM complex in this organelle, Leber Neuropathy causes vision loss from here
Mitochondrion
33
Sangar method to do this, which in another technique measures the amount of pyrophosphate
DNA Sequencing
34
Proteins lose their 3D structure in this first step of the PCR
Denaturation
35
Circular pieces of DNA in Bacteria, contain the green fluorescent protein
Plasmids
36
Organelles that break H2O2 apart, contains catalase. A non-functional one gives Zellweger syndrome
Peroxisomes
37
They begin as Reticulocytes, but are broken down in the spleen when they have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Red Blood Cells
38
Interaction between Hemoglobin and Carbon Dioxide
Haldane effect
39
Interaction between Hemoglobin and Oxygen leading to a low pH
Bohr effect
40
Sister chromatids are moved to opposite points in the cell
Anaphase
41
Making an antibody bind to a particular protein, Chip procedure often used
Immunoprecipitation
42
Problems with it cause Say-Meyer syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Fabry disease
X chromosome
43
This organ has a "Loop of Henle", and it is effected by Nutcracker Syndrome and the Wilms Tumor
Kidney
44
Protein that slides along myosin filaments during muscle contraction
Actin
45
Brefeldin A blocks ADP-ribosylation factors in it, CDGs are disorders in it
Golgi
46
Cords of Billroth and Islets of Langerhans in this organ
Pancreas
47
Subphylum of spiders and scorpions
Chelicerata
48
Results when T-cells are exhausted
Sepsis
49
Phylum whose animals have Aristotle's lantern, Crinoida is a smaller group
Echinodermata
50
Started the Great Oxygenation event, all have carboxysomes to limit photorespiration
Cyanobacteria
51
Cystic fibrosis increases tolerance to this disease
Cholera
52
Dorothy Hodgkin discovered its structure using X-Rays
Vitamin B12
53
Buildup of Gangliosides leads to to Tay-Sachs disease, caused by this organelle
Lysosomes
54
Muscles that control the flow of substances through the body
Sphincter
55
Combination of serine proteases and acid that leaves the stomach
Chyme
56
Composed of peptido-glycan in bacteria, Piperacillin targets it
Cell Wall
57
Primates can't synthesize it, cofactor in creation of collagen
Vitamin C
58
Model used to conceptualize cell membranes
Fluid Mosaic
59
Thickness in bacteria determined by the amount of crystal violet in the Gram Stain Method
Cell Wall
60
Protein that moves other proteins from ER to Golgi
COPII
61
ABC Model of how they develop
Flowers
62
Amino Acid that is synthesized to make Sertonin, symbolized W
Tryptophan
63
First stage of Mitosis, Nuclear membrane disappears
Prophase
64
Cajal bodies and lamins in this structure
Nucleus
65
Technique of detecting proteins before gel electrophoresis
Western Blot
66
Separated into the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis, childbirth and breastfeeding
Pituitary Gland
67
Secretes zymogens through the ampulla of Vater, acinar cells are in its Exocrine Gland
Pancreas
68
Sequences at the ends of chromosomes
telomers
69
Neuron to Neuron signaling through Axons, studied in Squids
Action Potential
70
Obeys Murray's law, transports water through the plant
Xylem
71
Bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems, part of the brain stem
Hypothalamus
72
Process of synthesizing amino acids
Strecker synthesis
73
Most abundant protein on earth that is synthesized by the Calvin cycle
Rubisco
74
Photosynthesis mostly occurs on this layer
mesophyll
75
Pores on the leaf that take in Carbon dioxide
Stomata
76
Technique of cloning DNA, Taq enzymes and "master mix" with magnesium chloride used
PCR
77
Fumarate builds up in this process, also called Citric acid cycle
Krebs cycle
78
Hormone that closes the Stomata to conserve water
Abscisic acid
79
Force that pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall
Turgor pressure
80
Plant hormone that elongates cells, regulates apical dominance
Auxins
81
Lactate is converted into glucose and transported to Liver
Cori Cycle
82
Process that removes a phosphate group called 3PGA
Calvin Cycle
83
Produces urine in the Kidney
Loop of Henle
84
Clotting in it leads to Budd-Chiari syndrome
Liver
85
Namesake "Adaptation index", methionine is the start in eukaryotes
Codons
86
Hypothesis that says that species must forever be evolving, proposed by Leigh Van Valen
Red Queen hypothesis
87
Phylum of segmented worms
Annelids
88
Means "false foot", amoeba movement
Pseudopods
89
Legionnaires disease is a form of it
Pneumonia
90
Keloid type of it forms tumors, "stretch marks" burning pregnancy"
Scar Tissue
91
Helps in cell division, 9+3 structure
Centriole
92
Help the cell move in a whiplike motion, 9+0 structure
Flagella
93
Destroying Angel type, Bioluminescence is called Fox Fire
Fungi
94
A shmoo forms as they mate, ethanol happens via fermentation
Yeast
95
3 Carbon compound created in the last step of Glycolysis
Pyruvate
96
NADH is oxidised into NAD+
Fermentation
97
Northern blot detects how much there is
RNA
98
Thermogenin is contained in the brown fat variety
Mitochandria
99
Formation of larger ones is called Macrocytosis
Red Blood Cells
100
Site of O-linked glycosylation, cisternae recieves products from ER
Golgi Bodies

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