Biology 1.1- Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the structure of monosaccharides ?

Answer 1

They are simple sugars in which there is one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom present in a molecule

Question 2

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 2

They are made up of 2 monosaccharides joined together

Question 3

What type of reaction do monosaccharides go under to form disaccharides

Answer 3

Condensation Reaction

Question 4

What is the general formula for monosaccharides

Answer 4

(CH20)x

Question 5

What is the formula for triose sugars

Answer 5

C3H6O3

Question 6

What is the formula for penotse sugars?

Answer 6

C5H10-05

Question 7

What is the formula for hexose sugars?

Answer 7

C6H1206

Question 8

What type of structure does hexose sugars have

Answer 8

Ring structures

Question 9

What are isomers

Answer 9

Isomers are molecules of the same formula but having a different arrangement of their atoms

Question 10

What is a glycosidc bond?

Answer 10

the link between 2 monosaccharides

Question 11

What type of bond is glycosidic?

Answer 11

Covalent Bond

Question 12

Describe how a glycosidic bond is formed between 2 monosaccharides to form a disaccharides

Answer 12

Two monosaccharides join in a condensation reaction to from a disaccharide and molecule of water is removed

Question 13

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 13

Is a suagr made up of two monosaccharide units joined by glycosidc bond formed in a condensation reaction

Question 14

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 14

Is a polymer made up of long chanins of monosaccharides units joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 15

What is the first benefit of polyscharrides being a strong molecule

Answer 15

They form very compact molecules so large number can be stored in the cell

Question 16

What is the second benefit of polyscharrides being a strong molecule

Answer 16

the glysodic bonds are easily broken allowing rapid release of monoscoharides units for cellular respiration

Question 17

What is the third benefit of polyscharrides being a strong molecule

Answer 17

They are not very soluble in water so have little effect on water potential within a cell and cause no osmotic water movements

Question 18

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 18

A water molecule is added to the bond

Question 19

What type of reaction breaks down the glyosidic bonds between two monoscaharides

Answer 19

hydrolysis reaction

Question 20

In which places in the body does hydrolsis reactions take place

Answer 20

gut,muscle and liver cells

Question 21

What is the first step in the hydroliss reaction?

Answer 21

polyscahhrides are gradually broken down into shorter and shorter chains and eventually single sugars are left

Question 22

What is the second step in the hydrolisis reaction

Answer 22

Dissacharides break down to form two monoscharides

Question 23

Why does hydrolisis take place?

Answer 23

They break carbohydrate stores to release sugars for cellular respiration

Question 24

What is amylose

Answer 24

An unbranched polymer made up of 200 and 5000 molecules

Question 25

What is amylopeticin

Answer 25

a branched polymer of glcuose moleucles

Question 26

What is so good about amylopeticin

Answer 26

The branching chains have many termnials glucose molecules that can be broken off rapidly when energy is needed

Question 27

Amyleopticin and amylose are both long chain of what type of glucose molecules

Answer 27

weird a shape molecule

Question 28

What is the structure of amylose

Answer 28

made up of a-glucose molecules joined together by | 1,4-glysodic bond

Question 29

Why does amylose have long unbranced chains

Answer 29

because it has 1,4-glysodic

Question 30

What is the strcuture of amylopeticin

Answer 30

the gluocse molecules are joined together by | 1-4 glysocdic bonds but their are 1-6 glysodic bonds

Question 31

What is starch made up of ?

Answer 31

long chains of a-glucose

Question 32

Why is starch important in plants?

Answer 32

the sugars produced by photosynthesis are rapidly converted into starch which in insoluable and compact and can be broken down rapidly to release glucose when needed

Question 33

Where is glyocgen found?

Answer 33

Found in animals

Question 34

What is glyocgen made out of ?

Answer 34

a glucose units

Question 35

What type of bonds does glyocegn have

Answer 35

1-6 bond- glysodic bonds

Question 36

Why does glycogen have many branches

Answer 36

becasue it has 1-6 glyosidc bonds

Question 37

what is the result if glyocgen of having 1-6 glyosdic bonds

Answer 37

it can be broken down very easily

Question 38

explain how the chemical structure of cellulose differs from that of starch and how this affects the way they can be used to supply energy in animals

Answer 38

Starch is formed from alpha glucose, while cellulose is made of beta glucose. The difference in the linkages leads to differences in 3-D structure and function. Starch can be straight or branched and is used as energy storage for plants because it can form compact structures and is easily broken down

Question 39

What is the cell wall made up of

Answer 39

insoluable cellouse

Question 40

What are the benfits of cellouse

Answer 40

Very strong | cellouse material do not recoil or spiral

Question 41

What is the diffrence between starch and cellouse chains wise

Answer 41

They remain in very long straight chains

Question 42

Draw Alpha glucose

Answer 42

check the book

Question 43

Draw Beta Glucose

Answer 43

Check the book

Question 44

Draw ribose

Answer 44

Check the book

Question 45

what is sucrose made up of

Answer 45

a- glucose and maltose

Question 46

What is lactose made of

Answer 46

a - glucose and B galactose

Question 47

What is maltose made up of

Answer 47

a glucose and a glucose

Question 48

how is the structure of polysaccharides related to their function

Answer 48

can form compact molecules- large numbers can be stored in a cell glycsosidc bonds can be easily broken- allowing rapid release of monosaccharides for cellular resp not very soluble in water -little effect on water potential within a cell and cause no osmostic water movements

Question 49

Draw A glucose

Answer 49

Look at the book

Question 50

Draw B glucose

Answer 50

Look at the book

Question 51

How does the arrangement of cellouse mircrofivrlis contribute to the physical properties of plant fibres

Answer 51

The net like arrangement of microfibirlis gives it tensile strength

Question 52

Compare the structure of cellouse molecule with the structure of starch

Answer 52

Both made of glucose bOth have 1-4 glycosidc bonds made by condesnatio nreactions However Starch is A glucose and cellouse if made from B glucose Starch is compsed more than one mioelcule amylose and amylpeotpctin Amyloptectin in starch is branched and celllouse is straight chained