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biology Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

The majority of energy in an ecosystem is lost due to
A. Conversion into biomass
B. Hunting for prey
C. Energy consumption
D. Heat loss
E. Sexual reproduction

A

heat loss

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2
Q

what is a vestigial structure

A

a stucture that no longer has a function but may have in history (appendix)

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3
Q

pancreas is responsible for…
spleen is respnsible for …

A

fuel
blood

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4
Q

The blood vessels in the body that carry the largest pressure are
A. Capillaries
B. Veins
C. Arterioles
D. Venules
E. Arteries

A

E arteries

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5
Q

R selected species vs K selected species

A

R produces quickly K produces more slowly and usually puts more time to nurturing their young

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6
Q

What is the correct order of stages in pre-embryonic development?
A. Cleavage, zygote, blastocyst, morula, implantation
B. Cleavage, zygote, morula, blastocyst, implantation
C. Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, implantation
D. Zygote, cleavage, blastocyst, morula, implantation
E. Zygote, morula, blastocyst, implantation, cleavage

A

C. Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, implantation

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7
Q

in a plant….
what transports H2o and minerals?
what transports nutrients?

A
  1. xylem
  2. phloem
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8
Q

what is stored in bone?

A

phosphorus and calcium

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9
Q

parathyroid does what to calcium

A

increases

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10
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

it decreases bone reabsorption when ca is too high

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11
Q

what is Parthenogenesis

A

asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.

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12
Q

what is amphimixis

A

(fertilization)sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two different gametes to form a zygote.

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13
Q

what is Epimorphosis

A

regeneration of a part or organism involving extensive cell proliferation followed by differentiation

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14
Q

what muscle cells can be mulitnucleated

A

heart can have 2 and skeletal can have a few

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15
Q

what muscle cells are striated

A

skeletal and cardiac

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16
Q

what is the cortical reaction

A

it is a reaction that occurs when an egg gets fertilized by a single sperm. Cortical granules from the inside the cell come out to form a fertilization membrane

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17
Q

what is the job of the loop of henly

A

it controls concentration. longer loop means more concentration, shorter means lower concentration

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18
Q

what is the difference in a shorter vs longer loop of henly

A

longer means more concentration in urine the shorter means lower concentration in urine

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19
Q

what is topoisomerase?

A

it is an enzyme used to unwind DNA for replication

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20
Q

how many bonds does g-c have and a-t have

A

g-c has 3 a-t has 2

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21
Q

The extinction of certain species can disturb an ecosystem and lead other organisms to be harmed. Which of the following organisms would have the most significant impact on an ecosystem upon removal?
A. Predator
B. Primary consumer
C. Competitor
D. Keystone species
E. Umbrella species

A

keystone

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22
Q

what is the product of fermentation in yeast plants bacteria?, what about in muscles?

A

ethanol, lactic acid

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23
Q

whats a zymogen

A

it is a precursor to an enzyme

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24
Q

where does the ultimate source of energy come from

A

the sun

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25
What bonds form a water molecule
Glycosidic bonds and phosphodiester linkages
26
what does the test SDS-PAGE used for
is used to separate and characterize protein
27
what does the test Gel electrophoresis used for
separate fragments by mass
28
whats the differences of holoenzyme vs apoenzyme
holoenzyme is cofactor plus enzyme apoenzyme is enzyme with no cofactor
29
purines consist of how manu rings? pyrimadines consist of how many rings?
2 rings , 1 ring
30
RNA doesnt have the nucleotide ______ but has the nucleotide \_\_\_\_\_
T , U
31
during cytokenisis animals cells form a _____ and plants form a \_\_\_\_
cleavage furrow, cell plate
32
what is an operon
it is a part of the gene that controls transcription
33
what is the difference of transduction and transformation
transduction is when dna is introduces to the genome due to virus while transformation is when bacteria takes DNA from surroundings
34
what is binary fission
it is how bacteria replicates basically creates clone
35
what is conjugation
it is when a donor bacteria donates its plasmid via a bridge called a pilus
36
what is miRNA
they block transcription or they degrade the rna sequence
37
what is siRNA
they block transcription or they degrade the rna sequence
38
tightly packed histones are the result of __________ of the histones and (prevents/allows) transcription
methylation prevents
39
loosly packed histones are the result of __________ of the histones and (prevents/allows) transcription
acetylation
40
what happens if DNA is methylated
it lowers expression
41
what is budding
it is when a piece of the organism falls off and becomes a clone think plant
42
what are seritoli cells and what hormone stimulates itq
they nurture sperm, fsh
43
what does inhibin do?
it inhibits fsh
44
Where is the location where sperm matures
Epididymis
45
what is the vas deferens
it attached the epididymis to the urethra
46
explain the where sperm starts and where it ends up
SEVEn UP, seminiferous tubules, epididimus, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis
47
what is the graffian follicle
the egg that pops out the ovary
48
what are homeotic genes
they are genes that can turn of and on other genes that play a role in development
49
the notochord stems from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
mesoderm
50
what is ovuliparitiy
external fertilization
51
what are c cells
they are parathyroid cells
52
what hormones come from anterior pituitary
FLAT PiG FSH,LH,Adrenicotropin hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone
53
what hormones come from posterior pituitary
vasopressin (aka ADH), oxytocin
54
What happens to an oxygen dissociation curve for a person with carbon monoxide poisoning?
it shifts to the left
55
what stage in development does the ebryo have 3 germ layers
gastrula
56
In organisms such as birds and reptiles, the yolk sac contains nourishing yolk. However, in humans the yolk sac serves a different purpose. Which of the following is its purpose in humans
red blood cell synthesis
57
thin filaments are formed by thick filiments are formed by
actin, myosin
58
1. stamin 2. filament 3. stigma 4. style 5. pistil 6. receptacle
59
What process is involved in polymerase chain reaction? ## Footnote DNA\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
replication
60
* what triggers menstration * what triggers the egg to release from the follicle
* low levels of estrogen and progesteron * high estrogen & LH
61
what is modern cell theory?
All cells have the same basic chemical composition
62
what bonds are in dna
hydrogen, vanderwall, phosphodiester, covalent bonds ![]()
63
a peptide bond forms \_\_\_\_\_\_
water
64
Which of the following is associated with eukaryotic plasma membranes but NOT found in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?
steriods
65
what is Anagenesis
The process of creating a new species with new traits over time (the original species no longer exists)
66
what is cladogenesis
when the a species is created from another species and the other species continues to exist ![]()
67
* tRNA * mRNA * rRNA where are they made and what do they do
* tRNA * made in the nucleus * transfers amino acids to ribosomes * mRNA * made in the nucleus * convey genetic information to ribosomes * rRNA * used to make ribosomes * nucleoulus
68
what innervates the Sinoatrial node and decreases heart rate? what innervates the Sinoatrial node and increases heart rate?
parasympathetic vagus nerve sympathetic vagus nerve
69
What graphical representation shows the accumulation of biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem? ## Footnote A. Food web B. Food pyramid C. Ecological pyramid D. Food chain
C. Ecological pyramid
70
what is the correct order of the taxonomy ranks
think king philip comes over for great socializations Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
71
what secretes pepsin and what does it do ? what secretes trypsin and what does it do ?
* Pepsin * secreted by the stomach * cleaves peptide chains * trypsin * secreted by the pancreas * cleaves peptide chains
72
what are Hemidesmosome
they help adhesion to the basement membrane
73
what are things that keep cells connected together
adherens, desmosomes, tight junction, gap junctions
74
name examples of deuterostome
echinoderm chordata
75
in distilled water a cell \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in deionized water a cell \_\_\_\_\_\_
swells with water shrinks
76
what are the organelle that eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have
1. ribosomes 2. cytoplasm 3. plasma membrane
77
where are Cilia, microvilli, pili found?
* Cilia * found in the respiratory * microvilli * stomach * pili * on bacteria
78
Which of the following has the least direct effect on the SA node of the heart? A. Autonomic nervous system B. Peripheral nervous system C. Sympathetic nervous system D. Parasympathetic nervous system E. Central nervous system
E. Central nervous system
79
what is the peripheral nervous system comprised of
somatic
80
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81
82
Which of the following events is found in meiosis but NOT in mitosis? ## Footnote A. Separating of sister chromatids B. Cytokinesis C. Condensing of chromosomes D. Attachment of microtubules E. Homologous chromosomes pairing
E. Homologous chromosomes pairing
83
yeast is a fungi and is (eukaryotic/prokaryotic)
eukaryotic
84
what is Commensalism
when a species uses another but the species it is using does not benefit or gets harmed
85
what is parallel evolution
it is when two species live in different areas but developed simular traits
86
* what are the two hormones that have to do with water * what do they do * where do they come from
* ADH * posterior pituitary * increases aquaporins to increase water in the blood * aldosterone * adrenal cortex * increases Na+ reabsorption so water follows
87
what is hardy weinburgs assumptions for his law
1. No mutation 2. Random mating 3. No gene flow 4. Very large population size 5. No natural selection
88
A child pricks his finger with a thorn which breaks into the dermis layer of the skin. Which of the following can be found in this layer with the most abundance? A. Connective tissue B. Striated tissue C. Nervous tissue D. Muscular tissue E. Epithelial tissue
A. Connective tissue
89
At which stage of meiosis does synapsis occur? ## Footnote A. Prophase I B. Prophase II C. Metaphase I D. Metaphase II E. Anaphase II
A. prophase I
90
what is monera?
it is a kindom that has single celled organisms, like bacteria archae
91
difference between .... * microfilaments * made of: * function: * intermediate filaments * made of: * fuction: * microtubules * made of: * function:
* microfilaments * made of: actin * function: movement * intermediate filaments * made of: of different proteins * function: helps keep shape of cell * microtubules * made of: tubulin * function:intracellular movement
92
* fungi are (haploid/diploid) * Gymnosperms are (haploid/diploid) * Anthophyta are (haploid/diploid) BTW... What are Gymnosperms & Anthophyta
* fungi : diploid * Gymnosperms: diploid * Anthophyta: diploid Gymnosperms & Anthophyta are plants
93
Connect their counter parts * RNA polymerase I * RNA polymerase II * DNA polymerase III * Reverse transcription * DNA\>complimentary DNA * makes rRNA * DNA\>mRNA * RNA\>DNA
* RNA polymerase I * make rRNA * RNA polymerase II * DNA\>mRNA * DNA polymerase III * DNA\>complimentary DNA * Reverse transcription * RNA\>DNA
94
what is biological magnification
it is when toxins build up in an environment
95
Suppose a biologist discovers a red coloured spider in a species of spider that is normally black in colour. The biologist generates pure breeding lines of both the black and red spiders. In the F1 cross, all the progeny are red in colour. If a single gene determines the colour of these spiders and you performed a testcross, which of the following would be the expected proportion of the spider colour forms? ## Footnote A. 1/4 red : 3/4 black B. 1/2 red : 1/2 black C. 3/4 red : 1/4 black D. All black E. All red
B. 1/2 red : 1/2 black
96
Photosynthesis can be best described by which type of reaction
endogernic reaction
97
During embryonic development, what structure is implanted within the uterus
blastocyte
98
sperm flagellum is made of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
tubulin
99
what are .... Ligase Catalase Exonuclease
Ligase * puts dna back together Catalase * breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water Exonuclease * it breaks DNA into smaller fragments
100
what are diploid and what are haploid * sporocytes * gametophyte * spores * zygote * gametes
* sporocytes * diploid * gametophyte * haploid * spores * haploid * zygote * diploid * gametes * haploid
101
Biological cells use processes such as Krebs cycle to produce ATP despite the energy of the universe being constant. Which of the following processes balance the law of conservation? ## Footnote A. Decrease in enzyme activity B. Decrease in environmental oxygen C. Increase Krebs cycle activity D. Cell metabolism E. Increasing activation energy of enzymes
D. Cell metabolism it creates energy but is used by cell metabolism
102
Erythroblastosis fatalis is a hemolysis disease of a newborn caused by what
RH - blood of mother reacting to the RH + blood of the baby

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