Biology

Question 1

What cells are ubiquitous plasmodesmata, making the entire organism a giant communication network?

Answer 1

PLANT CELLS

Question 2

What is the name of cell-to-cell connections in animal cells?

Answer 2

GAP JUNCTIONS

Question 3

A cell targeting itself

Answer 3

Autocrain

Question 4

A cell targets a cell connected by gap junctions

Answer 4

singling across gap junctions

Question 5

A cell targets a nearby cell

Answer 5

paracrine

Question 6

A cell targets a distant cell through the bloodstream

Answer 6

Endocrine

Question 7

What is the name of the signaling molecules used in endocrine signaling?

Answer 7

Hormones

Question 8

How fast is endocrine signaling?

Answer 8

Relatively slow

Question 9

What is the name of cell-to-cell connections in plant cells?

Answer 9

plasmodesmata

Question 10

Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called _____
signals.

Answer 10

paracrine

Question 11

Which intracellular signaling molecule is used to activate protein kinase A (PKA)?

Answer 11

cAMP

Question 12

Which of the following activates ERK?

Answer 12

EGF

Question 13

Programmed cell death, or ______, removes damaged or unnecessary cells and plays a vital role in development, including morphogenesis of fingers and toes.

Answer 13

apoptosis

Question 14

Which receptors typically play an important role in cell division?

Answer 14

Receptor tyrosine kinases

Question 15

Change in the internal __________ is detected by receptors. These cells are stimulated when the level is too high or too low.

Answer 15

environment

Question 16

Which of these are NOT a benefit of multiple negative feedback mechanisms?

Answer 16

Larger brain

Question 17

Multiple negative ________ mechanisms provide a greater degree of control of the internal environment.

Answer 17

feedback

Question 18

Change in the internal environment is detected by ________

. These cells are stimulated when the level is too high or too low.

Answer 18

rectpors

Question 19

Where are changes (increase/decrease) in blood glucose levels detected?

Answer 19

pancreas

Question 20

What is the effect of an increase in blood glucose concentration on the cells in the body?

Answer 20

water diffuses out

Question 21

What is the process that converts glucose to glycogen in the liver cells called?

Answer 21

glycogenesis

Question 22

High blood glucose concentration is detected by the ____
cells in the pancreas. The cells are located in the islets of _______
.

Answer 22

1. beta

2. Longhans

Question 23

What reaction takes place during glycogenolysis?

Answer 23

glycogen ——-> glucose

Question 24

Positive feedback works in a feedback _____, where a small change is amplified into a ____ change. It is the opposite of ______ feedback, which maintains systems within narrow limits.

Answer 24

1. Loop
2. Big
3. Negative

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 25

oxytocin triggering contractions

Question 26

Which hormone controls the positive feedback loop involved in child birth?

Answer 26

oxytocin

Question 27

Lipid that sits in the core of the membrane.

Answer 27

Cholesterol

Question 28

The molecules that form a bilayer in membranes. The molecules are made from glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate-linked head group.

Answer 28

Phospholipid

Question 29

The structure that defines the borders of cells and most organelles.

Answer 29

Plasma membrane

Question 30

What name is used to describe proteins that completely span the cell surface membrane?

Answer 30

integral

Question 31

what are 3 components of phospholipids?

Answer 31

1. fatty acids 2. glycerol 3. phosphate head

Question 32

carbohydrates are always found on the exterior surface of cells and are bound either to proteins (forming ________ ) or to lipids (forming ______)

Answer 32

1. glycoproteins | 2. glycolipids

Question 33

These carbohydrate chains may consist of 2–60 _______ units and can be either straight or branched.

Answer 33

monosaccharide

Question 34

Along with ______ proteins, carbohydrates form specialized sites on the cell surface that allow cells to recognize each other.

Answer 34

peripheral

Question 35

This recognition function is very important to cells, as it allows the _____ system to differentiate between body cells (called “self”) and foreign cells or tissues (called “non-self”).

Answer 35

immune

Question 36

what 3 substances can diffuse across cell membranes?

Answer 36

1. oxygen 2. urea 3. carbon dioxide

Question 37

What do we call the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Answer 37

diffusion

Question 38

Which two processes are involved in the active transport across membranes? 1. _____ cytosis 2. _____ cytosis

Answer 38

1. endo | 2. exo

Question 39

What is the name given to the process where a cell engulfs a substance from its surroundings?

Answer 39

endocytosis

Question 40

Roots of plants.

Answer 40

mineral ions

Question 41

Guts of humans.

Answer 41

sugar