Biology

Question 0

what method are genes located on chromosomes?

Answer 0

FISH, florescent in situ hybridization

Question 1

What is the taxonomy of the mouse starting with the suborder?

Answer 1

myomorpha, muridae, murinae, mus

Question 2

What chromosome is the mouse histocompatibility complex on?

Answer 2

Chr 17, H2- responsible for rapid rejection of grafts

Question 3

What class of major histocompatibility complex presents antigens to cell mediated immune response?

Answer 3

MHC Class I presents antigens to cytotoxic T cells (CD8/ TH1)

MHC Class II presents antigens to T helper cells (CD4/ TH2) (humoral immune response- B cells (lymphocytes) Ig

Question 4

What are the first autosomal genes linked (gene mapping)?

Answer 4

albino and pink-eyed dilution (1915)

Question 5

Stretches of DNA closely linked to the gene that underlies the trait in question that has resultantly show the similarities between mouse and human genome is called what?

Answer 5

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)

Question 6

The DBA/2 was the first inbred strain developed by whom?

Answer 6

Clarence Cook Little - founder of the Jackson Laboratory

Question 7

what species of mice are used for mapping due to pleomorphic differences from standard inbred mice?

Answer 7

M. m. castaneus

M. spretus

Question 8

What type of inbred mutant line results in mutant mice differing from their nonmutant siblings only by a muation?

Answer 8

Segregating inbred strains

Question 9

A strain is said to be coisogenic/congenic if the mutation of interest occurred in that strain?

Answer 9

Coisogenic

Congenic is when the mutation is transferred from one strain to another by repeated backcrossing.

Question 10

A circular pair mating system is an example of an inbred or random//outbred breeding schemes?

Answer 10

Random….random/outbred stocks are at risk for inbreeding…1% decrease in heterozyosity will occur each generation of a 25 pair breeding scheme

Question 11

What is the most common strain of mouse used for mAb collection?

Answer 11

BALB/c

Question 12

What is the most common mouse strain used in transgenic studies?

Answer 12

C57Bl/6

Question 13

What is the most common mouse strain used to engineer mutations?

Answer 13

129

Question 14

What mouse strain has audiogenic seizures?

Answer 14

DBA/2

Question 15

What mouse strains have forebrain commissure defects, hypocallosity, poor candidate for behavior research?

Answer 15

Balb/c and 129

Question 16

What mouse strains have internal hydrocephalus (ventricles), blepharoconjunctivitis with microopthalmia, anopthalmia, and malocclusion as defects?

Answer 16

C57Bl/6

Question 17

What strains have cleft lip and palates and potential defects?

Answer 17

A strain

Question 18

What type of inbred strain results from single-pair random matings of mice from the F2 generation created by crossing mice of 2 inbred strains?

Answer 18

Recombinant inbred strains

Question 19

What kind of recombinant inbred strain results from breeding F2 generations of 2 inbred strains and then in each subsequent generation intercrossing mice but avoiding sibling matings?

Answer 19

advanced intercross lines (AILs)

Question 20

How is a recombinant congenic strain different than a regular recombinant inbred strain?

Answer 20

For the recombinant congenic there are one or more backcrosses of the F1 generation to one parental strain before inbreeding begins

Question 21

A noninbred stock is designated by what symbol?

Answer 21

:

Question 22

In transgenic strain nomenclature what does each part represent: Tg(YYYYY)#Zzz

Answer 22

Tg= transgene
YYYYY= inserted DNA description
#= assigned in the series of event generated using a given construct
Zzz= Lab Code

Question 23

Who is responsible for establishing genetic nomenclature rules?

Answer 23

The International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature of Mice

Question 24

In the strain AKR.B6-H2b what is the recipient strain?

Answer 24

AKR is the recipient - Congenic inbred strain in which the b haplotype at the H2 complex was transferred from the C57Bl/6 to the AKR background

Question 25

B.A-Chr 1 is what type of strain?

Answer 25

consomic or chromosome substitution strain- Chr 1 from A/J has been transferred onto a B6 background

Question 26

B6;129-Cftr^tm1Unc is what type of mutation?

Answer 26

targeted mutation (tm)...Cftr is the targeted mutation from UNC on a mixed B6 and 129 background

Question 27

BXD-1/Ty is what type of inbred strain?

Answer 27

X= recombinant inbred strain in which B6 female was mated to a DBA/2J male and made by Taylor (Ty)

Question 28

How many much food is required per day after weanling for mice?

Answer 28

3-5 gm/day

Question 29

How much water is needed for adult mice?

Answer 29

6-7 ml/day

Question 30

What is the thermoneutral zone from a mouse?

Answer 30

29.6-30.5 C

Question 31

What is the biologic turnover of water in mice and why is it so fast?

Answer 31

1.1 days, large surface area

Question 32

Why do mice not deal with heat very well?

Answer 32

No sweat glands, can't pant, little salivation, built to conserve water more than disipate head...not a true endotherm..

Question 33

How long before a neonatal mouse can regulate its body temperature?

Answer 33

20 days; ectotherm prior to that

Question 34

What respiratory feature of the mouse predisposes it to frequent viral infections?

Answer 34

vomeroasal organ is prominent

Question 35

What are 3 sexual dimorphisms in mice?

Answer 35

Males have smaller adrenals, heavier kidneys, larger spleens, cuboidal epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule (squamous in the female), columnar with basophilic nuclei of the salivary gland (cuboidal with central nucleus in female)

Question 36

How does the mouse respond to cold exposure?

Answer 36

nonshivering thermogenesis- brown fat- round nucleus- many mitochondria, multi loculated= ability to hibernate- when BF is metabolized water is produced

Question 37

What is the mouse a good model for lower respiratory tract disease?

Answer 37

single left lung lobe- can infect just one side and have others as controls...same as rat

Question 38

What is responsible for the super concentrating ability of the kidney?

Answer 38

long loops of Henle

Question 39

What protein is absent and present in the urine of mice that is different from most other mammals?

Answer 39

Taurine is always present, tryptophan is absent, creatine also present

Question 40

The submaxillary gland is composed of what type of glands?

Answer 40

serous- most other animals have mixed mucous and serous

Question 41

What is the structure responsible for the mouse's inability to vomit?

Answer 41

limiting ridge- also in horses and rabbits proximal portion is keratinized, distal portion is glandular

Question 42

Who developed the first germ free mice with selected bacteria isolated from normal mice?

Answer 42

Schaedler- gnotobiotic- known flora axenic- no flora these mice are prone to prolapse of rectum if they have colitis

Question 43

altered Schaedler flora (ASF) can be verified by what?

Answer 43

16S rRNA- PCR?

Question 44

What lymph tissue contains more lymphoid cells and produces greater amounts of immunoglobin: spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymph tissue (MALT)

Answer 44

MALT- include peyer's patches, cecal lymphoid tissue, tissue in upper and lower respiratory tract (no tonsils though in mice) and the GI

Question 45

Mice are hypsodont or brachydont?

Answer 45

hypsodont- incisors grow continuously and are worn during mastification brachydont are closed root teeth

Question 46

What hormone is responsible for gametogenesis in both the male and female mouse?

Answer 46

FSH

Question 47

What hormone promotes the secretion of estrogen and progesterone in the female and androgen in the mouse?

Answer 47

Luteinizing hormones

Question 48

What hormone is responsible for lactation ad development of the ovary during pregnancy?

Answer 48

prolactin

Question 49

What type of estrus and ovulation pattern do mice follow?

Answer 49

polyestrous - cycle every 4-5 days | spontaneous ovulators

Question 50

When estrus is suppressed in mice housed in large groups is called what?

Answer 50

Lee Boot Effect

Question 51

Pheromones from strange male mice prevent implantation or result in pseudopregancy of recently bred females if called what?

Answer 51

Bruce Effect

Question 52

The introduction of a male into a large group of females results in synchronization of the estrous cycle (restarts the cycle in 3 days--next estrus 11d)...this is called what?

Answer 52

Whitten effect

Question 53

How is breeding date determined in mice?

Answer 53

Presence of a vaginal plug

Question 54

What 2 accessory sex glands contribute to the copulatory plug?

Answer 54

Coagulating and vesicular glands

Question 55

What hormone is required for nursing but not for parturition?

Answer 55

oxytocin

Question 56

How are antibodies primarily give to neonate mice?

Answer 56

colostrum

Question 57

What is the length of gestation in a mouse?

Answer 57

19-21 days

Question 58

What type of pheromones are detected by the vomeronasal organ and then result in signals transmitted to the CNS?

Answer 58

primer pheromones

Question 59

What type of pheromones prompt the CNS mediated behavior response in the recipient?

Answer 59

releaser pheromones

Question 60

What is the most abundant immunoglobin present in mouse serum?

Answer 60

IgG