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grade 9 science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic factors

A

The non - living characteristics of an ecosystem

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2
Q

Atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gases that surrounds the earth

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3
Q

Biomes

A

Large geographical regions define by climate with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

The zone in, on, and around earth where life can exist

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5
Q

Lithosphere :

A

Earth’s land

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6
Q

Hydrosphere :

A

Earth’s water

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7
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living things, their remains, and the features, such as nests, associated with their activities

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8
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process by which sugar and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy to provide energy for the cell

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9
Q

Cellular respiration reaction:

A

Sugar + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water

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10
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms or the products of other organisms

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11
Q

Ecological niche

A

The function a species serves in its ecosystem, including where it lives, what it eats, and how it behaves

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12
Q

Food webs

A

A representation of the feeding relationships within a community

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13
Q

Habitat

A

The environment where an organism lives

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14
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which the sun’s energy is converted into chemical energy

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15
Q

Photosynthesis reaction :

A

Carbon dioxide + water ——–> (light energy) sugar + oxygen

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16
Q

Producers

A

An organism that makes its own energy - rich food using the sun’s energy

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17
Q

Sustainable ecosystem

A

An ecosystem that mantains relatively constant biotic and abiotic features forever

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18
Q

Trophic level

A

The level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position along a food chain

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19
Q

What is a biogeochemical cycle?

A

A biogeochemical cycle shows the movement of matter through the biotic and abiotic environment

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20
Q

What is succession?

A

The gradual, and usually predictable, changes in the composition of the community and abiotic conditions following a disturbance

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21
Q

What is fragmentation?

A

The state of when a habitat is still present, however, it is divided up into smaller pieces

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22
Q

What are the three parts of the biosphere?

A

Atmosphere, Lithosphere, and Hydrosphere

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23
Q

What is an example of an abiotic factor and a biotic factor?

A

A rock and a nest

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24
Q

A population is all the members of the same _________

A

Species

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25
Q

A food web is more _____________ than a food chain

A

sustainable

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26
Q

An invasive species usually have some type of _____________ over a natural species

A

Advantage

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27
Q

The function that a species serves in an ecosystem is called….

A

The ecological niche

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28
Q

The arrows in a food chain show the direction of _________ _____

A

Energy flow

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29
Q

Only _____ of the energy is passed along at each stage in a food chain

A

10%

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30
Q

What is the primary consumer in a food chain?

A

Herbivore

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31
Q

What is the source of all energy in an ecosystem?

A

The sun

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32
Q

Which pyramid is broken into blocks representing the number of organisms at that trophic level?

A

Numbers pyramid

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33
Q

In the water cycle what is the name of the process where water moves from plants to clouds?

A

Transpiration

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34
Q

Name 3 sources of carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle

A
  • Animal respiration
  • Volcanoes
  • Fossil fuels
35
Q

What are primary and secondary disturbances?

A

Primary disturbance - a big disturbance
Secondary disturbance - a smaller disturbance

36
Q

What is the main cause of animal endangerment?

A

Habitat loss

37
Q

An under pass and over pass are examples of ____________ between fragments

A

connectors

38
Q

What type of pyramid show how much energy is available at each trophic level?

A

Energy pyramids

39
Q

___________ are large geographical regions defined by climate with a specific set of biotic and abiotic features

A

Biomes

40
Q

_______________ is the gradual, and usually predictable, changes in the composition of the community and abiotic condition following a disturbance

A

Succession

41
Q

Primary consumers are organisms that…

A

eat producers

42
Q

_______ _______ is the level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position along a food chain

A

Tropic level

43
Q

What is Canada’s biggest biome?

A

The boreal forest

44
Q

What is Canada’s coldest biome?

A

The tundra

45
Q

Which biome are we in?

A

The temperate deciduous forest

46
Q

Outside of the tolerance range, in the zone of stress or intolerance, the species will be ________

A

Absent

47
Q

Clear cutting is a human action that can alter ________ factors

A

abiotic

48
Q

The range within the species thrives is the ___________ range

A

optimal

49
Q

The variety in a food web helps keep ___________ in check

A

populations

50
Q

For every abiotic factor, a species will have a ______________ _________

A

tolerance range

51
Q

The populations of ____________ and ______ are closely linked together

A

predator, prey

52
Q

List a threat to biodiversity :

A

Climate change, invasive species

53
Q

_______________________ : is when toxins get more concentrated as they move up the food chain

A

Bioamplifcation

54
Q

_____________________ : is when the amount of toxins increases inside an organism over time

A

Bioaccumulation

55
Q

How can animals higher up the food chain be affected by pesticides?

A

By pesticides killing the organisms they eat

56
Q

Species can also become more resistant to pesticides, making them ________________ and _________ ________________.

A

Stronger, more dangerous

57
Q

When resistance develops in a pest, farmers can choose between two things.

A
  1. Switch pesticides
  2. Apply a greater concentration of a pesticide
58
Q

What is farming without pesticides called?

A

Organic farming

59
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Rain that is more acidic than usual by a combonation of certain chemicals within the air

60
Q

_________ _______ are clear becauses less organisms live in them

A

Acidic lakes

61
Q

Oil tanker accidents can cause ____ _______.

A

oil spills

62
Q

What are the chemicals that are in the air when talking about acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides

63
Q

What are the main causes of acid rain?

A

Factories and transportation

64
Q

What is pollution?

A

Harmful contaminants released into the environment

65
Q

In organic farming, what percentage of crops are lost to pests?

A

30%

66
Q

What are the three techniques that oraganic farmers use to maximize crop production?

A
  1. Biological control (releasing predators)
  2. Altered timing (avoiding peak pest populations)
  3. Crop rotation and mixed planting (mixing around the types of crops each year)
67
Q

What are the two main classes of pesiticides?

A
  1. Broad spectrum pesticides :
    - multipurpose, wide range of species (DDT)
  2. Narrow spectrum pesticides :
    - toxic to a few species (Bt)
68
Q

What does the revolving nose piece have on it?

A

Three objective lens

69
Q

What is the 4x objective lens called?

A

The scanning objective lens

70
Q

What are the 10x and 40x objective lens called?

A

10x = low power objective lens
40x = high power objective lens

71
Q

What are the two adjustment knobs called?

A
  1. Coarse adjustment knob
  2. Fine adjustment knob
72
Q

How much does the eyepiece / ocular lens magnify?

A

10x

73
Q

What does “micro” and “scope” mean

A

micro - small
scope - to view

74
Q

What are microscopes used for?

A

To enlarge small things such as cells to be studied

75
Q

Do not let the objective lenses touch the ______ or _______

A

stage, slide

76
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of life found in an area

77
Q

What is a carrying capacity?

A

The max population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain

78
Q

What is monoculture?

A

Refers to farmland where only one thing is grown

79
Q

4 types of pesticides:

A
  1. Herbicides - kills plants
  2. Insecticides - kills insects
  3. Rodenticides - kills rodents
  4. Fungicides - kills fungi
80
Q

What is a pest?

A

An organism that competes with or damages crops

81
Q

What are the three cycles seen in nature?

A
  1. Water cycle
  2. Carbon cycle
  3. Nitrogen cycle
82
Q

What are the 5 Canadian biomes?

A
  1. Boreal forest
  2. Temperate dedicuous forest
  3. Mountain forest
  4. Tundra
  5. Grassland
83
Q

What are the three main forms of pollution?

A
  • oil spills
  • acid rain
  • plastics

grade 9 science (2 decks)

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