Biology

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

Large molecule with many functional components

Question 2

Elements found in humans

Answer 2

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium

Question 3

4 classes of bio macromolecules

Answer 3

nucleic acid, protein, carbohydrate, lipid

Question 4

Building block of polymer

Answer 4

monomer

Question 5

polymer

Answer 5

many monomers put together

Question 6

Source of fast energy

Answer 6

carbohydrate

Question 7

Carbohydrate monomer

Answer 7

monosaccharide

Question 8

Lipid function

Answer 8

Long term energy, insulation, membrane

Question 9

Monomers of lipids

Answer 9

glycerol, fatty acids

Question 10

Protein function

Answer 10

muscle development, immune system, enzymes, etc.

Question 11

Protein Monomer

Answer 11

Amino Acid

Question 12

Draw a protein

Answer 12

k

Question 13

Nucleic acid monomer

Answer 13

nucleotide

Question 14

nucleic acid function

Answer 14

codes for proteins

Question 15

Elements: Carb, lipid, protein, nucleic acid

Answer 15

CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP

Question 16

metabolism

Answer 16

catabolism + anabolism

Question 17

anabolism

Answer 17

building molecules; requires energy

Question 18

catabolism

Answer 18

breaking down molecules; releases energy

Question 19

strand of amino acids

Answer 19

polypeptide chain

Question 20

primary structure

Answer 20

strand of amino acids

Question 21

secondary structure

Answer 21

folding causes alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

Question 22

tertiary structure

Answer 22

more folding due to side-chain interactions

Question 23

quaternary structure

Answer 23

multiple polypeptide chains

Question 24

enzyme, substrate, product

Answer 24

protein that catalyzes reactions, substance that enzyme acts on, result of enzyme + substrate

Question 25

active site

Answer 25

spot on enzyme where substrate binds to

Question 26

activation energy

Answer 26

energy required to start a reaction

Question 27

enzyme ____ activation energy,

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

exergonic reaction

Answer 28

spontaneous; products are lower energy; releases energy

Question 29

endergonic reaction

Answer 29

not spontaneous; products are higher energy; requires energy

Question 30

enzyme denaturation

Answer 30

shape of enzyme is changed by change in pH or temp; causes the reaction rate to slow or stop

Question 31

point of saturation

Answer 31

when all enzymes are taken by substrate

Question 32

buffer

Answer 32

an aqueous solution who's pH does not change when a base or acid is added

Question 33

cell theory

Answer 33

all organisms are made of 1+ cells, all cells come from other cells, the cell is the basic unit of life

Question 34

prokaryotic organisms can be _____

Answer 34

bacteria and archaea

Question 35

eukaryotic organisms can be _____

Answer 35

plants, animals, fungi, protists

Question 36

prokaryotes are ____ while eukaryotes are ____

Answer 36

unicellular, multicellular

Question 37

prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have ____ in their cells

Answer 37

ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm, membrane

Question 38

plant, prokaryotic, and fungal cells have a ____

Answer 38

cell

Question 39

explain how prokaryotes and eukaryotes have different cells

Answer 39

eukaryotes are larger, more complex, have a nucleus, and have membrane-bound organelles

Question 40

animal cells have ___ while plant cells do not

Answer 40

centriole, lysosome

Question 41

recite the function of: the ribosome, rough er, nucleus, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, smooth er, lysosome, centrosome, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nuclear membrane, vesicle, chloroplast, plant vacuole, cell wall, plastid, plasmid, capsule, nucleoid, flagellum, cilia, pilus

Answer 41

k

Question 42

plant cells have ____ while animal cells do not

Answer 42

plastid, chloroplast, cell wall

Question 43

recite the function and general information of: glycoprotein, glycolipid, peripheral membrane protein, integral membrane protein, cholesterol, channel protein,

Answer 43

k

Question 44

what does a semipermeable membrane do

Answer 44

it lets only certain things pass through it

Question 45

____ can easily pass through the semipermeable membrane

Answer 45

small nonpolar molecules

Question 46

solute, solution, solvent

Answer 46

dissolved particles, solvent + solute, liquid that solute dissolves in

Question 47

concentration, tonicity

Answer 47

the relative abundance of something in a certain volume, the measure of the strength of a solute concentration in a solution

Question 48

where does solvent go in osmosis, where does solute go in diffusion

Answer 48

high to low concentration, low to high concentration

Question 49

passive transport, active transport

Answer 49

movement across the membrane with the concentration gradient and doesn't require energy, movement across the membrane against the concentration gradient that does require energy

Question 50

2 types of passive transport

Answer 50

diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Question 51

isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

Answer 51

same concentration, more concentration, less concentration

Question 52

cell specialization, regeneration, stem cells, satellite cell

Answer 52

differentiation of cell shape, structure, and function to suit different bodily needs, replacing damaged or lost cells with new ones, an undifferentiated cell, a stem cell responsible for regeneration of muscle

Question 53

why would a stem cell turn into a differentiated cell

Answer 53

turning off and on certain segments of DNA

Question 54

an adult stem cell can become ____ things than a child stem cell

Answer 54

less

Question 55

chromatin, chromosome, chromatid, centromere

Answer 55

unwound DNA, condensed form of DNA, half of a duplicated chromosome, where a duplicated chromosomes meet

Question 56

stages of interphase

Answer 56

G1 (cell grows), S (DNA is replicated), G2 (cell grows and organelles are copied)

Question 57

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Answer 57

prophase: chromatin condenses to chromosome, nucleus goes away, spindle apparatus forms metaphase: chromosomes line up at middle of cell anaphase: sister chromosomes separate to opposite sides of the cell telophase: a new nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes cytokinesis: cell cytoplasm splits into 2 new cells