Biology Flashcards
(178 cards)
1
Q
How many cells does the average human body contain?
A
Over 75 trillion
2
Q
What are they two types of cells?
A
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
3
Q
Cells that have no membrane-bound structures inside the cell.
A
prokaryotic
4
Q
Cells that have a membrane bound structure inside the cell.
A
eukaryotic
5
Q
What are the basic building blocks of all organisms
A
cells
6
Q
What organisms are made up of only a single
A
bacteria
7
Q
What are the parts of the cell
A
outter membrane (also called the cell membrane), organelles, cytoplasm
8
Q
What is the dictator of the cell
A
the cell membrane
9
Q
A gelatin like materail that fills the cell
A
cytoplasm
10
Q
What are examples of organelles
A
nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria
11
Q
Specialized parts that move around the cell and perform functions that are necessary for life
A
organelles
12
Q
The membrane that contains the cells hereditary information and controls the cells growth and reproduction
A
nucleus
13
Q
The nucleus is an
A
organelle
14
Q
Determines the chatracteristics and traits fo the organism, such as hair color, leaf shape and so on
A
DNA
15
Q
Chromosomes reside in the
A
nucleus
16
Q
What are vacuoles?
A
the storage containers of the cell
17
Q
Energy for the cell is produced by
A
mitochondria
18
Q
A series of chemical reactions that combine food and oxygen to create energy and a waste product carbon dioxide is called
A
respiration
19
Q
Gives the cell a firmer shape and support
A
cell wall
20
Q
What is the cell wall made of
A
cellulose
21
Q
Organelles in plant cells that contain chlororphyll
A
chloroplasts
22
Q
Green organelles that give plants their color
A
chloroplasts
23
Q
Photosyntesis
A
the process in which chloroplasts interact with light energy, combining carbon dioxide from the like air with water to make food
24
Q
The basic difference between plant and animal cells is
A
plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts and animal cells do not
25
The DNA molecule consists of two long strands that form
a double helix
26
If a cell has a nucleus, the DNA is found in
chromosomes
27
The instructions for the appearance and function of the new organism are contained in units called
genes
28
What are the two reasons for cell division
to replace old wornout cells, sexual reproducton
29
Takes place when cells are replacing themselves because they are old or worn out
mitosis
30
Takes place when cells divide for cell sex formation
meiosis
31
The full set of chromosomes that posses the genetic makeup of both parents
46 chromosomes
32
Reproduction between a sperm and an egg
sexual reproduction
33
Viruses are not alive
viruses are not alive
34
A piece of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating
virus
35
What do viruses need to reporduce and function
a host cell
36
The flu, the common cold, cold sores, chicken pox, and AIDS are all caused by
viruses
37
All life is categorized into...
five kingdoms
38
The levels of classification within the classification system are
kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species
39
Living things can be classified as
consumers and producers
40
Living things that use an outside energy source such as sunlight, to produce energy
producers
41
Consumers cannot make their own energy in order to live, so they
eat other organisms
42
Consumers may eat only plants, only animals, or both
consumers may eat only plants, only animals, or both
43
The study of plants is called
botany
44
How are plants categorized
according to the structure by which the plant absorbs water
45
Plants transport water from the roots to the stems and to the leaves by means of tubelike structures if they are
vascular
46
If plants absorb water only through their surfaces they are
non-vascular
47
What are the two ways that plants reproduce
seeds, spores
48
Plants that produce flowers are
angiosperms
49
Plants that do not produce flowers are
gymnosperms
50
Food is stored for growing plants in the
seed
51
The part of the seed that stores food is called
the cotyledon
52
Monicots
seeds that have one cotyledon
53
Dicots
seeds that have more than one cotyledon
54
Plants that go through their entire life cycle from germination through seed production to death in one growing season is
annual
55
Plants that have a two year growing cycle are
buennials
56
Plants that lose their leaves in the winter are
decidious
57
Plants that keep their needles all year are
evergreen
58
The major parts of plants are
roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruit
59
The functions fo the root are
absorbing nutrients and water, anchoring the plant into the soil, holding up the stems and leaves, storing food
60
What are the two types of root systems
taproot systems and fibrous root sytems
61
Describe a taproot system
has on fat or sturdy main root with just a few branching roots
62
Has many branched roots
a fibrous root system
63
The main trunck of a plant is
the stem
64
Stems carry
nutrients and water
65
Places on the stem where buds form
nodes
66
Spaces between nodes
internodes
67
Major function of the plant stem
move water, nutrients, and food through the plant
68
Moves food from the roots through the stem through the leaves
phloem tubes
69
Move minerals and water
xylem tubes
70
The main tissue in the plant stem that surrounds the phloem tubes an the xylem tubes
canbium
71
What part of a plant grows out from the stem
leaves
72
What is the major job of leaves
to make food
73
The protective layer of the leaf that reduces evaportion of water from the plant and helps to protect the plant from disease causing organisms is
the cuticle
74
The stomata of a leaf is
a tiny opening that enables the plant to take in carbon dioxid and release oxygen into the atmosphere
75
Covers the stomata openings and regulate the exchange of water vapor, oxygem and carbon dioxide into and out of the stomata.
guard cells
76
The female portion of the flower is the
pistil
77
Parts of the pistil are the
stigma and the style
78
The stigma is the surface that captures and
holds pollen
79
The area between the stigman and the ovaries is
the style
80
The male portion fo the flower is teh
stamen
81
The filiment is the part of the stamen that holds the
anther
82
Where is pollen formed and released
the anter
83
Any edible part of a plant that is not a flower is considered to be
a vegetable
84
A ripened ovary or group of ovaries containing seeds
fruit
85
The only organisms that make their own food
green plants
86
When does photosynthesis begin
when light strikes a plants leaves
87
What interacts with sunlight to split the water in plants into basic components
chlorophyll
88
Simple sugar is produced when
carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata and combines with stored energy in the chloroplasts
89
A plants positive or negative responses to various stinuli are called
tropisms
90
Response to gravity is called
gravitropism
91
When plants respond to light by growing toward it it is called
phototropism
92
How are animals characterized
vertebrates and invertebrates
93
What are vertebrates
animals that have backbones
94
Animasl that do not have backbones are called
invertebrates
95
Animals that have a hard shell for protection but are not vertebrates are colled
mollusks
96
Where can mollusks live
in water or on land
97
Invertebrates that have a tough coating made of chitin on their bodies have what is called an
exoskeleton
98
Anthropods
invertebrates that have segmented bodies
99
Crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters, and crabs are called
antrhopods
100
3 ways to categorize vertebrates through their diet are
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
101
Herbivores
animals that primarily eat plants
102
Carnivores
animals that primarily eat meat
103
Omnivores
animals that eat meat or plants
104
Vertebrates can be classified according to their body temperatures as
warm blooded or cold blooded
105
An animal is called cold blooded when its body temperature
follows or matches the external temperature around it
106
Animals that can control their body temperature are
warm blooded, their internal body temperature remains the same no matter what the outside temperature
107
The only creatures that are warm blooded are
birds and mammals
108
What do mammals use to adapt to temperature changes
hair, skin, fur
109
Females produce milk to feed her offspirng
mammals
110
Biosphere
the sum of all places on Earth where life can exist
111
A collection of all the living creatures an non living features or conditions in a particular environment
ecosystem
112
Sharp teeth
canines
113
teeth that have a flattened surface for grinding
molars
114
The amount of rainfall, the temperature, the soil conditions, the air and the contour of the land are all nonliving features of that environments
ecosystem
115
the study of ecosystems, the interactions between and among those living creaturew and nonliving features is called
ecology
116
Biodiverstiy
the variety of life forms that exist
117
Biodiversity tends to increase as
one approaches the equator
118
Biodiveristy is supported by
warmer weather
119
Habitat
a geographic area with conditions that support the continued reproduction of the species
120
Results from sending carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
global warming
121
the branch of biology that deals with the parts of the body, their functions, and the various bodily processes is called
physiology
122
human phiology deals with
the human body
123
groups of cells arrange themselves into
tissues
124
various tissues work together to form
organs
125
organs work together to form
organ systems
126
the organ systems are the
```
muscular system
skeletal system
skin/integumentary system
respiratory system
circulatory system
lymphatic system
immune system
excretory system
nervous system
endocrine system
reproductive system
```
127
allows movement and locomotion
muscular system
128
skeltal muscles help move
bones
129
bands of tissue that are attached to skeletal muscles
tendons
130
what kind of muscle is found in the heart
cardiac muscles
131
where are smooth muscles found
in some internal organs such as the intestines and bladder
132
a living system that provides shape and support to your body
skeletal system
133
exoskeleton
skeleton that is on the outside
134
made up of bone and cartilage
endoskeleton
135
the skeleton and muscles function together as teh
muscluloskeletal system
136
importand components of the bone that make the bone hard are
calcium and phosphorus
137
bone forming cells are
osteoblasts
138
places where your bones come together are called
joints
139
Ligaments
bands of tissue that hold joints together
140
the three major types of joints are
ball and socket joints
pivot joints
hinge joints
141
outermost protective layer
skin.integument
142
the largest organ in your body
skin
143
helps regulate your body temperature by expanding and constricting blood vessels and throught the operation of the sweat glands
skin
144
sweat glands
move perspiration or sweat onto the skin where evaporation takes place and cools the skin
145
the three layers of the skin are the
epidermis
dermis
fat
146
the outermost thinner layer of skin
epidermis
147
the layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and oil and sweat glands
dermis
148
the layer of skin under the dermis is
fat
149
skin gets it color from
melanin
150
takes in oxygen and moves out waste material of carbon dioxide
respiratory system
151
the respiration system includes
lungs, pathwatys connecting them to the outside environment, and structures in the chest involved with moving air in an out of the lungs
152
when we breath in, air enters the body through the nose, where it is warmed, filtered, and passed through
the nasal cavity
153
prevents food from entering the trachea
the epiglottis
154
the upper part of the trachea contains the
larnyx
155
after passing the larynx, the air moves into the
bronchi
156
carries air out of the lungs
the bronchi
157
the smaller and smaller tubes branching in the bronchi
bronchioles
158
the bronchioles terminate little sacs known as
alveoli
159
alveoli are surrounded by a netowrk of thin walled
capillaries
160
the exchange of oxygen takes place between the
alveoli and the capillaries
161
oxygen is picked up and carried off to various parts of the body by
hemoglobin
162
waste material is transferred to the aveoli and eventually out fo our bodies during
exahalation
163
breathing is different from
respiration
164
the physical action of moving the diaphram up and down which allows air to enter the lung is called
breathing
165
hoar oru body uses the oxygen from the air we inhale and eliminate the carbon dioxide when we exhale is called
respiration
166
digestion
the mechanical and chemical means of breaking food into particles small enough to pass into the blood stream
167
the chemical breakdown begins when food interacts with
saliva
168
the long tube with musckles that contract and move food into the stomach is the
esophogus
169
a small sac or bag that is a part of the digestive system
stomach
170
the stomach mixes food by a process called
peristalsis
171
waves of muscle contractions
peristalsis
172
from the stomach, food moves into
the small intestine
173
duodenum
the uppper part of the small intestine where most of digestion takes place
174
bile is produced in
the liver
175
fluid that promotes the chemical digestion of carborhydrates, proteins and fats
pancreatic fluid
176
absorption of food takes place
in the small intestine
177
water is absorbed in
the large intestine
178
the main job of the circulatory system is to
move oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, imune components and hormones through the body
