Biology Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Are the remains of traces of an organism from the geologic past that has been preserved in sediment or rock.
A
Fossils
2
Q
Longest subdivision; based on the abundance of certain fossils
A
Eons
3
Q
Next to longest subdivision; marked by major changes in the fossil record
A
Eras
4
Q
Based on types of life existing at the time
A
Periods
5
Q
Shortest subdivision; marked by differences in life forms and can vary from continent to continent
A
Epochs
6
Q
It is known as the age of invertebrates
A
Paleozoic Era
7
Q
It is known as the age of reptiles
A
Mesozoic Era
8
Q
It is known as the age of mammals
A
Cenozoic Era
9
Q
It is believed that life begins because of living organism
A
Biogenesis
10
Q
It is believed that life begins at non-living things.
A
Abiogenesis
11
Q
An example of abiogenesis is?
A
Creation theory
12
Q
The first life on earth
A
Microorganisms
13
Q
It is known where life explodes
A
Cambrian Period
14
Q
To study the function of an organ
A
Physiology
15
Q
It is to understand the location of an organ
A
Anatomy
16
Q
To cut to pieces of dead organisms
A
Dissection
17
Q
Can plants be dissected
A
Yes
18
Q
To help you understand the parts and function of an organism
A
Disection
19
Q
It is used during dissection to prevent contamination to entering the mouth
A
Face Mask
20
Q
Used in incision, it has a very thin razor attached to metallic or plastic
A
Scalpel
21
Q
To open the organism widely and much safer
A
Scissors
22
Q
It is used to clamp or hold the specimen
A
Forceps or thongs
23
Q
It is used to pin the specimen in a dissecting tray
A
Wax
24
Q
It is known as the back part of a frog
A
Dorsal
25
It is known as the front view of a frog
Ventral
26
It is where the air passes on a frog
External nares
27
It is used by frogs for hearing
Tympanum or tympanic membrane
28
It is where waste exits on a frog
Cloacal aperture
29
It is a tissue that connects the toes of a frog and is used for swimming
Web
30
If a frog is larger then its a?
Female
31
If a frog is smaller and has thicker and rough web then its
Male
32
Method of killing a frog before dissection
Pithing
33
The equipment used to kill a frog
Probe
34
is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest.
Diaphragm
35
Adjacent to the Surface of the lungs.
Visceral Pleura/Pulmonary Pleura
36
Adjacent to the inner thoracic wall and Diaphragm
Parietal Pleura
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right and left branches of the trachea that enter the lung
Primary bronchi
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branches of the primary that enter each lobe of the lungs
Secondary bronchi
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more branches of the secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
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smallest branches within the lungs
Bronchioles
41
microscopic branches of the bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
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terminal air sacs where gas exchange takes place (anatomy resembles a bunch of grapes)
Alveoli
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extends from the larynx toward the lungs.
Trachea
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folds within the larynx that vibrate with expelled air
Vocal cords (vocal folds)
45
flap of elastic cartilage that guards the entrance into the larynx; when we are breathing the flap is open, when we swallow, the larynx is pulled upward
Epiglottis
46
forms the attachment to trachea
Cricoid cartilage
47
largest of the hyaline cartilages, protrudes anteriorly and is commonly called the Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
48
helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs.
Larynx
49
inferior region that connects to larynx
Laryngopharynx
50
middle region behind mouth
Oropharynx
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superior region behind nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
52
is a tube formed by skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane that is continuous with that of the nasal cavities
Pharynx
53
which project from the epithelium and line the nasal mucosa create motions which drain mucus from the nasal passage to the throat from where itis swallowed and digested by stomach juices.
Cilia
54
Glands in the nasal mucosa produce a sticky mucus which moistens air and traps bacteria as they enter the respiratory passage.
Mucus Glands
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are cells which line the walls of the arteries that feed the nasal mucosa.
Endothelial cells
56
drain tears from the lacrimal (tear) ducts of the eyes, to the nasal mucosa.
Nasolacrimal ducts
57
secrete the majority of the mucus which overlies the nerves of the olfactory system
Bowman’s glands
58
expand the total surface area of the mucosa and create turbulence in air entering the respiratory passage.
Conchae (turbinate bones)
59
refers to the passages through which air travels into the respiratory system.
Respiratory section
60
is the dilated area at the nostril opening.
Nasal vestibule
61
functions to allow air to enter the respiratory system upon respiration.
Nasal Cavity
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exchange of gases between the blood and body cells. oxygen diffuses into the cells and carbon dioxide moves into the blood.
Internal Respiration
63
movement of gases from the lungs to the body cells and back, accomplished by the cardiovascular system.
Transport
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exchange of gases between the air and the blood in the lungs oxygen diffuses into the blood, carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs.
External Respiration
65
movement of air into and out of the lungs
Pulmonary ventilation
66
Composed of the trachea, the lungs, and all segments of the bronchial tree (including the alveoli), the organs of the lower respiratory tract are located inside the chest cavity.
Lower respiratory tract:
67
Composed of the nose, the pharynx, and the larynx, the organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the chest cavity.
Upper respiratory tract:
68
When the mud or sand hardens into rock where a footprint, trail or burrow was left behind.
Trace Fossil
69
When organism parts are pressed between layers of mud or clay that hardens over time, squeezing the decaying organism away and leaving a carbon imprint in the rock
Carbonized fossil
70
Minerals like calcium can soak into the buried remains of an organism. The mineral replaces the remaining bone and changes it into rock.
Petrified fossil or permineralized fossil
71
The cavity or mold mentioned above can filled in with mud. When the mud hardens, it takes on the shape of the organism.
Cast fossil
72
when sediments bury an organism and the sediment hardens into rock. The organism decays slowly inside the rock, leaving an cavity in the shape of the organism.
Mold fossils
73
is the preserved remains of an organism that has died
Fossil
74
is a technique used to immobilize or kill an animal by inserting a needle or metal rod into its brain.
Pithing
75
A person who described how the position of a rock layer could be used to show the relative age of the layer.
Nicholas Steno
76
The layer on the bottom was deposited first and so is the oldest
The principle of superposition
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All rock layers were originally deposited horizontally.
The principle of horizontality
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Originally deposited layers of rock extend laterally in all directions until either thinning out or being cut off by a different rock layer.
The principle of original lateral continuity
79
Who person stated thought the surface of the earth was an ever-changing environment and “the past history of our globe must be explained by what can be seen to be happening now.” And what theory is it
James Hutton
uniformitarianism
80
He was the first to understand that certain rock units could be identified by the particular assemblages of fossils they contained. Using this information, he was able to correlate strata with the same fossils for many miles, giving rise to the principle of biologic succession.
William Smith
81
Each age in the earth‟s history is unique such that fossil remains will be unique.
The principle of biologic succession:
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Each age in the earth‟s history is unique such that fossil remains will be unique.
The principle of biologic succession
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A rock feature that cuts across another feature must be younger than the rock that it cuts.
The principle of cross-cutting relationships
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Small fragments of one type of rock but embedded in a second type of rock must have formed first, and were included when the second rock was forming.
Inclusion principle
85
The theory of natural selection was credited to
Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace
86
What book did Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace wrote
Origin of Species
87
means the age of one object compared to the age of another, not the exact age of an object.
Relative Dating
88
Horizontal beds are uplifted and tilted or eroded followed by new deposition of horizontal beds.
Angular
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Episodes of erosion or nondeposition between layers
Disconformity
90
Sediment is deposited on top of eroded volcanic or metamorphic rock (indicates very long passage of time)
Nonconformity
91
is the correlation of stratigraphic units based on fossil content.
Biostratigraphy
92
are a commonly used index fossil because they are easy to recognize.
Trilobites
93
is a common method used to date anything that was once alive (including plants) and up to 70,000 years old.
Radiocarbon Dating
94
cannot be used to date formerly living things; however, it is the most commonly used method in igneous rock dating because of the abundance of zircon minerals.
Uranium-Lead decay series (U-Pb series)
95
refers to the process where over long periods of time, helpful variations can appear in a species while “unfavorable” one disappear.
Natural Selection
96
occurs when no more members of a particular species remains.
Extinction
97
Is the largest lobe of the right lung. It extends from the apex of the lung down to the horizontal and oblique fissures. It bears apical, anterior, and posterior bronchopulmonary segments.
The Upper Lobe (Right Lung)
98
is the smallest lobe of the right lung, located between the horizontal and oblique fissures. It bears medial and lateral bronchopulmonary segments.
The Middle Lobe (Right Lung)
99
It lies beneath the oblique fissure. It bears medial, lateral, superior, anterior, and posterior bronchopulmonary segments.
The Lower Lobe (Right Lung)
100
It contains anterior and apicoposterior bronchopulmonary segments. Itis above the oblique fissure.
The Upper Lobe (Left Lung)
101
The lobe contains superior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral bronchopulmonary segments.
The Lower Lobe (Left Lung)
