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B1-B9 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

O 1. 1 Name two pieces of laboratory equipment the student could have used to prepare
cells to view using a microscope.

A

Cover slip
Forceps

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2
Q

The student tried to look at the cells using the microscope.
Suggest one reason why the student could not see any cells when looking through part A.

A

Slide was not on properly

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3
Q

Red blood cells are specialised animal cells.
Compare the structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell.

A

Differences:
• red blood cell has no nucleus or plant cell has a nucleus
• red blood cell has no cell wall or plant cell has a cell wall
• red blood cell is a biconcave disc or there are many different shapes of plant cell
• red blood cell contains haemoglobin or plant cells do not contain haemoglobin
• red blood cells do not contain chlorophyll or plant cells (may)
contain chlorophyll
• red blood cell has no chloroplasts or plant cell has chloroplasts
• red blood cell has no (permanent) vacuole or plant cell has (permanent) vacuole
• red blood cells are (much) smaller than plant cells
Similarities:
both have:
• cytoplasm
• cel memorane
• pigments (although they are different)

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4
Q

When placed into a beaker of water:
• a red blood cell bursts
• a plant cell does not burst.
Explain why the red blood cell bursts but the plant cell does not burst.

A

Water enters by osmosis but plant cell has a cell wall prevents from bursting

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5
Q

Bmi category of person A

A

Normal

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6
Q

92/1.71^2

A

31.5

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7
Q

Two patterns shown in table 2 about the effects of bmi category

A

The higher the bmi the lower the number of years living in good health
The higher the bmi the higher the number of years living bad health

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8
Q

Explain the financial impact on the UK economy of an increasing number of people
who are obese.

A

Costs the nhs money as they need to pay for additional surgery

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9
Q

Suggets how arthritis could affect a perosns lifestyle

A

Movement issues
Loss of job

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10
Q

Two health conditions that might develop if a person eats a diet high in saturated fats

A

Type 2 diabetes
Heart attack

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11
Q

Aerboic reperwtion formula

A

602+c6h12o6->6h20+6co2

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12
Q

Name the sub celluear structure where anerobic repsiration takes place

A

Mitochondrai

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13
Q

Give two uses of the energy realsed in reperation

A

Muscle contraption
Keeping warm

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14
Q

DqlqName the sub celluear structure where anerobic repsiration takes place

A

Mitochondrai

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15
Q

Two differnces betweeen anerobic and aerboic repsiration

A

Anerboic produces latic acid areboic dies not it
Aerboci produces carbon dioxide and anerobic does not

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16
Q

Two products of anerobic reperation in plant cells

A

Carbon dioxide
Ethanol

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17
Q

Explain why the co2 conc in the tube stayed the same between day 0-5

A

Pond weed taked in c02 fir photosythenis
Snail and pond weed are repiring producing c02

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18
Q

Suggets why the conc of c02 increased between day 5 and day 10

A

Plant not taking in co2

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19
Q

Explain why the death of the pond snail caused thr conc of co2 to increase after day 10

A

Snail is decomposed by bacteria therfore reperation of bacteria reales co2

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20
Q

Amayalse is a polymer of samller molecules name it

21
Q

Name three parts of the human digersive system that produce amyalsse

Study These Flashcards
A

Salivary gland
Pancreas
Small intestine

22
Q

Explain hwo amylase break down starch lock and key theory

Study These Flashcards
A

Substarte binds to active site because shape of active site and substarte are perfect as they fit this leads to a chemical reaction occurs to produce smaller moeclues

23
Q

Activity of amylase two control variables

Study These Flashcards
A

Time before mixing
Volume of starch

24
Q

Why did the student leave the starch soloution and amyalse soloution for 5 minutes before mixing them

Study These Flashcards
A

To allow both solution to reach 5 degrees

25
Cocnlusions can be made about effect iif temp on amylase activity between 20 and 65 degrees
As temp increases activity increases to 35 degrees after acriviry decerases
26
Explain the results at 5 degrees and at 80 degrees
Iodine not yellow brown as starch is still presnet at 5 defrees amylase have low kinetic energy therefore fewer collision at 80 degrees amylase become denatured so starch no longer fits
27
Describe how student could extend the investigation to determine effect of a differnt factor on amyalse activity
Keep temp constant but change named factor and test a range of values of named factor
28
Cross section of leaf what cell most trasnparent
A
29
Which cell structure in a leaf mesophyll cell is not found in a root hair cell
Chloroplasts
30
Name the cells in a leaf that controlls the rate of water loss
Guard cells
31
Sceninfic term decribe the movement of water for leaves
Transpiration stream
32
Which cahnge would decrease the rate of water loss from plants leave
Increased humidity
33
Compare the structure of xylem tissure an dphilem tissue
xylem is made of dead cells and phloem is made of living cells • phloem cells have pores in their end walls and xylem cells do not have pores in their end walls • xylem is hollow or xylem does not contain cytoplasm and phloem contains cytoplasm • xylem contains lignin and phloem does not (contain lignin) • both made of cells • both tubular Function • xylem transports water / mineral ions and phloem transports (dissolved) sugars • xylem is involved in transpiration and phloem is involved in translocation • xylem transports unidirectionally and phloem transports bidirectionally • both transport liquids / substances throughout the stem / leaves / roots / plant
34
Determine the rate of water losss at 12 use tangent
40/7=5.71 covert to min equals 9.5x10^-2
35
The rate of water loss at midnight was much lower at 12
Stomata are closed because there is less light
36
Describe what happens to cells when a turmor forms
Cells grow uncontrollably
37
Evidence shows that tunir in the lung is malignant
Has spread to other parts
38
Some types of cancer can cause the numbers of blood components in a person's body to fall to a dangerously low level. A person with one of these types of cancer may experience symptoms such as: • tiredness • frequent infections • bleeding that will not stop after the skin is cut. [Question] Explain how a very low number of blood components in the body can cause these symptoms.
Tiredness • fewer red blood cells • so less haemoglobin • so less oxygen transported around the body • so less (aerobic) respiration can take place • so more anaerobic respiration takes place • less energy released for metabolic processes or less energy released so organs cannot function as well • lactic acid produced (during anaerobic respiration) causes muscle fatigue Frequent infections • fewer white blood cells / phagocytes / lymphocytes • so fewer antibodies produced or less phagocytosis • so fewer pathogens / bacteria / viruses killed Bleeding • fewer platelets • so blood does not clot as easily
39
It is dangerous for a patient with blood group A to receive red blood cells from a donor with blood group B. Explain why.
Anti b antibioticx in patient will bind to type b antigens on perosns red blood cells so red blood cells clum together and block capilleres so cells cant respire
40
Explain why blood group o red blood cells can be given to patients with any blood group
No antigens so antibiotics cannot bind to the antigens
41
Risk lowest prob of occuring
Heptais c infection
42
A person has a tumour blocking the tube leading from the gall bladder to the small intestine. Explain why this person would have difficulty digesting fat.
Less bile reaches small intetsine so less fat so smaller surface area for lipase to break down fat ph of small intetsine is not neturailsed so lipase is not at opitim ph to breka down fat
43
Describe how energy for the photosynthesis reaction is gained by plants.
Light is captured and absorbed by chlorphyll
44
Molecules of carbon dioxide diffuse from the air into the mesophyll cells. Which two changes will increase the rate at which carbon dioxide diffuses into the mesophyll cells?
Increased co2 conc in the air Increased number of stomatoa that are open
45
Explain how the human lungs are adapted for efficient exchange of gases by diffusion.
Indicative content (many) alveoli • provide a large(r) surface area : volume) cabillaries are inin or alveoli/ capillary walls are thin or one cell thicK or capillaries are close to the alveoli • which provides short diffusion path (for oxygen / carbon dioxide) • breathing (mechanism) moves air in and out or lungs are ventilated • to bring in (fresh) oxygen • to remove carbon dioxide • to maintain a concentration / diffusion gradient large capillary network (around alveoli) or good blood supply • to remove oxygenated blood) quickly • to bring carbon dioxide to the lungs quickly • to maintain a concentration / diffusion gradient
46
Two similarties between prokraytic cells and eyokratytic cells
Both have ribsomes and cytpplasm
47
3 differnces betweeen prokraytic. And eyokraytic cells
Prokraytic cells is smaller Prokyaric cell ahs no nuckeus Has no mitochondrai
48
What happens during each stage of cell cycle
(stage 1) DNA / chromosomes replicate / duplicate mitochondria / ribosomes / sub-cellular structures increase in number or mitochondria / ribosomes / sub-cellular structures replicate (stage 2) one set of chromosomes is pulled / moved to each end of the cell (stage 3) the cytoplasm and cell membrane divides (to form two cells)
49
Two products formed when lipids are broken down
Fatty acids Gylcerol

B1-B9 (2 decks)

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