Biology Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
In cats, black colour is caused by an X-linked allele at this locus cases orange colour. The heterozygote is tortoise-shell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of black female and orange male?
A
Tortoise Shell female; Black male
2
Q
Which of the following show 9+0 arrangement of microtubular triplets?
A
Centrioles and basal bodies
3
Q
Which of the following belongs to the tertiary hair?
A
-none of the answers is correct
4
Q
The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath is called?
A
Vital capacity
5
Q
Gene transcription takes place in?
A
Mitochondria and Nucleus
6
Q
The outer to inner sequence of tissue layers in a post-gastrulation vertebrate embryo is?
A
Ectoderm -> mesoderm -> endoderm
7
Q
Select the most correct statement?
A
The formation of a sperm is known as spermatogenesis
8
Q
select the statement that best describes the DNA replication fork?
A
The leading strand can be synthesized in a continuos process from a singel RNA primer
9
Q
select the statement that best describes the DNA replication fork?
A
The leading strand can be synthesized in a continuos process from a singel RNA primer
10
Q
The leading and the lagging DNA strands differ in that?
A
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is syntheszied in the opposite direction
11
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes function of hormones secreted by the pancreas?
A
glucose regulation
12
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
A
Nucleoli are dense staining areas and one or more of them can be present
13
Q
The process of capturing a substance or particle from the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane is?
A
Endocytosis
14
Q
The structure of the neuron that conducts impulses from the cell body is?
A
Axon
15
Q
The site of ribosomal subunit assembly is?
A
Nucleolus
16
Q
Mutations will typically ……. the genetic diversity in a population:
A
Increase
17
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A
Bacterial cells can exist as independent unicellular organisms or part of multicellular organisms
18
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes the genetic code:
A
There are 64 amino-acid coding codons
19
Q
Where is the majority of water reabsorbed?
A
Proximale tubule of nephron
20
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes the process of mitosis?
A
Chromosomes are maximally condensed at the end of metaphase
21
Q
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane and mitochondria. It could be following cell?
A
a plant or an animal cell
22
Q
Which of the following vitamins are recommended to be taken with fats?
A
Vitamin A and D
23
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes immunity?
A
All immune system responses are specific
24
Q
Select the statement that most correctly describes cellular microfilaments?
A
Actin mediates fibroblast movement via rearrrangerment of its flagments
25
Picture showes chromosomes in eucaryotic cell. Recognise and name the phases of the cell cycle in the picture:
Anaphase
26
Select the statement that most correctly describes meiosis?
During the prophase I crossing over takes place
27
?????
Xrecesif
28
Select the most probable statement:
Conjugation is referred to as the bacterial equivalent of sexual process
29
Alternate forms and a gene having the same position a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called?
Alleles
30
Identical twins usually result from fertilisation of:
none of the answers is correct
31
An achondroplastic dwarf man with normal vision marries a colour-blind women of normal height. The man`s father was 6 feet tall, and both woman`s parents were of average height. Achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, blindness is X-linked recessive. What proportion of their male children would be colour-blind and normal height?
None of the answers is correct
32
Which of these associtations is mismatched?
-right ventrivle- pulmonary
-left ventricle -aorta
-inferior vena cava- right atrium
-Superior vena cava- right atrium
-all answers are correct
33
The thin filaments of a muscle fibre are made up of:
Actin
34
In which of the following would you usually find telomeres?
Human Chromsomes
35
All offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation of this pattern of inheritance is:
incomplete dominance
36
Which of the following organs and their main functions are correctly paired?
Liver: synthesis of insulin
Gallbladder: bile storage
37
The F1 offspring of Mendel`s classic pea cross always looked like one of the two parental varieties because:
one phenotype was completely dominant over another
38
Which of the following bones doesn`t take part on the formation of the orbit?
Ethmoid Bone
39
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
ribosome
40
In sickle-cell disease, a single subsititution of an A by T on the B-globin gene causes the resultant protein to have altered properties, but to be of normal size. Select the term that most accurately describes this type of mutation?
Missense mutation
41
Diploid cell has 18 chromosomes. If a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during anaphase of meioses II, what will be the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes?
10; 8; 9; 9
42
Which is the fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Presence of the nucleus enveloped by a membrane
43
Which of the following historical dates is correct?
The birth of the first cloned animal -Dolly the sheep- was published in 1997
44
The structure of deoxyribonucleic acid was discovered in 1953 by:
J.D Watson and F.Crick
45
The ability to reproduce themselves is a property that viruses share with living systems. Viruses can therefore replicate:
Only in a metabolically active cell
46
Which order of living systems by their level of organisation is correct?
Cell→organ→organism→community of organisms
47
Which of the following are classeified as non-cellular organisms?
Bacteriophages
48
Which of the following statements on HIV and its hosts is false?
HIV infects T-lymphocytes, i.e the cell relasting antibodies into blood plasma
49
Which of the following statements is false?
The closed blood circulation system was discovered by K. Landsteiner
50
The rate of simple diffusion across the plasma membrane depends on:
concentration gradient
51
DNA is present in?
Mitochondria
52
A differentiated cell of an organisms and the zygote this organism developed from are characterised by:
Identical Genomes
53
Which of the following mechanisms of neural exitation is true?
Changes in neuron plasma membrane permeability for Na+ and K+ ions
54
Which of the following is the regular component of a bacterial cell?
Cell Wall
55
Which is the correct order of cell cycle phases?
G1 --> S --> G2 --> M
56
Thickness of the plasma membrane is?
7,5nm
57
The flagellum of a eukaryotic cell is similar in ultrastructure to?
Cilium
58
Which of the following is not the product of transcription?
DNA
59
Which of the human body cells could be visible with the naked eye?
Mature oocyte
60
In which of the following cell structures does protein synthesis take place?
Mitochondria and cloroplasts
61
In which of the cell cycle phases does nuclear DNA replicate?
S
62
Which of the statements concerning viruses is true?
Viruses include only one kind of nucleic acid. either DNA or RNA
63
The primary structure of a protein molecule is determind by a sequence of:
Nucleotide triples in mRn
64
Wich of the following statements on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins is fals?
A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is termed a structural gene
65
Translation is a process by which genetic informasjon is translated from:
mRNA into proteins
66
dexyribonucleotides is complementary to T during DNA replication?
A
67
Both the alpha helix and the beta sheet are involved in the arrangement of:
Secondary tstructure of proteins
68
RNA synthesic takes place in:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
69
Transcription is a process by which genetic information is transferred from:
DNA to mRNA
70
On transcription of an AAC triplet from DNA, which triplet is formed on a corresponding mRNA?
UUG
71
A bacteriophage is
Virus that lyses bacteria
72
A flagellum composed of microtubular bundles is responsible for locomotion of:
Sperm Cells
73
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that?
Functions in chloroplasts and mitochondria
74
When both male and female gonads are present in one and the same organism, we talk about?
Hermaphroditism
75
The ladder-like nervous system is found in?
Flatworms
76
Amnion is
Inner foetal membrane
77
Which of the following images is projected on the retina of a vertebrate eye?
Reverse, reduced
78
Transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse is facilitated:
In a Chemical way using a mediator
79
Which of the following statements on fungi is not in agreement with the current knowledge?
Amitosis is the form of nuclear division typical of fungal cells
80
Antibiotics are the products of:
Bacteria and moulds
81
Which of the following diseases is transmitted by the tse-tse fly?
Sleeping sickness
82
In his experiments leading to the discovery of genetic laws, J.G. Mendel used the following organism:
Pisum sativum
83
Which of the following types of nucleic acids is a carrier of anticodon:
tRNA
84
Loss of one nucleotide in a DNA molecule has generally:
Greater effect Than nucleotide substitution
85
When crossing individuals with genotypes AaBb and AaBb, the ratio of phenotypes (A,B dominant alleles, a,b recessive alleles) will be as follows:
9:3:3:1
86
A chromosome of prokaryotic cells:
is made of one, usually circular double-stranded DNA molecule
87
Parthenogenesis
Is a form of sexuel reproduction in which females produce eggs that develop without fertilisation
88
Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by:
Phage
89
A phenotype is
-a set of all observable traits of cell or an organism resulting from an interaction of the environment and the genotype
90
The alleles of a givien gene differ from each other in that:
-each carries a different mutation of a given gene
91
Homologous chromosomes:
Pair during meiosis
92
An allele is:
A alternative form of a Gene found at the same lotus on homologous chromosomes
93
One of Mendel`s key discoveries was that:
-organisms had two hereditary factors for all traits
94
Which of the following is true?
The recessive allele is expressed only when the dominant allele is missing
95
Which of the following is true?
Chromosome banding is a procedure for identification of structural abnormalities in chromosomes
96
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during:
Metaphase
97
In the complete dominance of A over a, the heterozygote Aa has a phenotype
Identical with AA
98
The number of diffferent phenotypes in F2 generation of dihybrids with complete dominance (AaBb x AaBb) is:
4
99
Gene mutations is:
Can be a results of a change in the nucleotide Number of a gene
100
relationship between A and B alleles for the ABO blood group is:
Codominance
101
Which blood types can be found in the children whose both parents have O blood groups?
O
102
A genotype is
The set of all genet of the organism
103
Which of the following statements concering the genetic code is false?
Genetic code includs 20 codons to specify 20 amino acids found in proteins
104
Plasmids are
Carries of a part genetic informtion in bacteria
105
The karyotype in Down syndrome is characterised by the presence of an extra copy of genetic material on the:
Chromosomes 21
106
Genetic transformation is:
Alteration og genetic information of a cell following incorporation of foreign DNA
107
Crossing-over is:
-Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
108
The part of the human digestive system engaged in food digestion and absorption of nutrients is:
Small intestine
109
Human saliva contains enzymes that digest:
Starch
110
what is the role for red blood cells?
Oxygen transfer
111
In the human heart, semilunar valves are found between:
The ventricles and the major arteries
112
Insulin is a hormone that:
facilitates glucose metabolism in cells
113
The nerve centre controlling many autonomous functions is located to:
Hypothalamus
114
The human eye can perceive light waves in the range of:
400 --> 750nm
115
The full prenatal development in humans lasts for?
270 days
116
The human thorax has
12 pairs of ribs
117
Which of the following responds to a change in body position?
Mechanoreseptors
118
The cancer disease of white blood cells is called?
Leukemia
119
One mm3 of human blood contains
5.10(6) erythrocytes
120
Insulin is produced in the pancreas in response to
an increase in the glucose plasma level
121
Cell-mediated immunity is provided by
T - lymphocytes
122
The human spinal column consists of the following vertebrae:
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral and coccyx
123
Which of the following statements is false?
The human skeleton is made up of more than 300 bones of all shapes and sizes
124
Human being can perceive sound at frequencies?
Between 16 and 20 000 Hz
125
The principle of blood clotting in vertebrates is based on:
conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
126
Platelets are:
cytoplasmic fragments of large bone marrow cells
127
What blood volume the heart of a human adult at rest can pump into the pulmonary circulation in one minute?
5L
128
direct source of energy for muscle contraction comes from:
Glucose
129
the most important immediate source of energy for humans includes:
Sugars
130
Amylase is the enzyme that digests:
Starch
131
Bile is produced in:
Liver
132
The oldest paleontological evidence suggesting the existence of living cells is found in sediments:
3.7 billion years old
133
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis lived:
200.000 --> 30.000 years ago
134
The human species continues to exist owing to:
Reproduction of individuals
135
Darwin postulated that major factor influencing evolution:
Is natural selection
136
The first eukaryotic cells appeared about 1.5 billion years ago. This conclusion was drawn from:
-Age of the sediments in which the fossil remains of algal cells were detected by microscopy
137
Darwin`s theory of Evolution is concerned primarily with:
Origin of species
138
Australopithecus africanus is thought to have been a direct ancestor of modern humans. Which of the following facts concerning Australopithecus is not in agreement with paleontollogical evidence?
He used of Stone tools
139
Ecological niche of a species:
Is a space which the species occupies in its ecosystem
140
All organisms living together in area constitute
Biocenose
141
Plants utilise for photosynthesis:
Visible light
142
Which of the following gases is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
CO2
143
Which of the following statements concerning the lymph fluid is false?
Lymph fluid is produced in lymph nodes
