Biology

Question 1

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 1

Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricle, Left ventricle

Question 2

Which valve is on the right side of the heart?

Answer 2

Tricuspid valve

Question 3

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 3

To control the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Question 4

Which valve is on the left side of the heart?

Answer 4

Bicuspid valve

Question 5

What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 5

Controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta

Question 6

What is the function of the right pulmonary artery?

Answer 6

Carries deoxygenated blood to the right lung

Question 7

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 7

Carries deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Question 8

What is the function of the left pulmonary artery?

Answer 8

Carries deoxygenated blood to the left lung

Question 9

What is the function of semilunar valve?

Answer 9

Prevents backflow of blood from aorta to ventricles

Question 10

Function of the Septum?

Answer 10

Cardiac muscle that divides the left and right side of heart

Question 11

Function of Purkinje Fibres?

Answer 11

Carry nerve impulses to ventricles to ventricles to aid contraction

Question 12

What is the ABO blood system?

Answer 12

A blood type classifying system dependent on A and B antigens/antibodies

Question 13

Type A Blood

Answer 13

Anti-B Antibodies
A Antigen

Question 14

Type B Blood

Answer 14

Anti-A Antibodies
B Antigens

Question 15

Type AB Blood

Answer 15

NO Antibodies
A Antigen and B Antigen

Question 16

Type O Blood

Answer 16

Anti-A Antibodies and Anti-B Antibodies
NO Antigens

Question 17

What is blood type is the ‘Universal Donor’?

Answer 17

Type O Rh Negative blood

Question 18

Factors which can increase CVD

Answer 18

Diet
Smoking
Age
Inactivity
Genetics
High Blood Pressure

Question 19

3 types of CVD Treatments

Answer 19

Anti-hypertensive (diuretics/ calcium channel blockers)
Statins
Transplantation and Immunosuppression

Question 20

What are the parts of an ECG?

Answer 20

The P Wave
The QRS Complex
The T wave

Question 21

The P Wave

Answer 21

Indicates atrial depolarization in both left and right atrium. This means there is atrial contraction (atrial systole)

Question 22

The QRS Complex

Answer 22

Includes The Q Wave, The R Wave and The S Wave

All 3 waves occur in rapid succession
This complex indicates that the myogenic impulse is travelling across the ventricles to initiate ventricular depolarisation (ventricular systole)

Question 23

The T Wave

Answer 23

This indicates Ventricular Repolarization (Ventricular Diastole)

Question 24

What is a normal rhythm of the heart?

Answer 24

60-100 bpm.

Question 25

What is the bpm of Bradycardia?

Answer 25

Less than 60 bpm

Question 26

What is the bpm of Ventricular Fibrillation?

Answer 26

A very irregular ventricular rate

Question 27

What is the bpm of Sinus Arrhythmia?

Answer 27

Normal beats but they are triggered at irregular intervals

Question 28

What is the bpm of Tachycardia?

Answer 28

More than 100 bpm

Question 29

Parts of a spirometry graph

Answer 29

Tidal Volume Expiratory Reserve Volume Residual Volume Vital Capacity Total Lung Capacity

Question 30

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 30

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

Question 31

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 31

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

Question 32

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 32

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

Question 33

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 33

The difference between the minimum and maximum volume of air in the lungs (TLC-RV). So the volume between full inspiration (TLC) and full exhalation (RV)

Question 34

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 34

Maximum amount of air contained in lungs after maximum inhalation

Question 35

Where does ultrafiltration occur?

Answer 35

Glomerulus

Question 36

What happens in the descending Loop of Henle?

Answer 36

Water leaves by osmosis

Question 37

Where are osmoreceptors?

Answer 37

In the hypothalamus

Question 38

What does ADH stand for?

Answer 38

Anti diuretic hormone

Question 39

What does the Bowman's capsule do?

Answer 39

Hold the glomerulus

Question 40

Which ions are associated with acids?