Biology

Question 1

define trait

Answer 1

a specific characteristic of an individual that we can measure or observe

Question 2

define phenotype

Answer 2

the trait that is expressed and is determined by the genotype

Question 3

define genotype

Answer 3

set of genes in DNA responsible for unique traits or characteristics

Question 4

define dominant trait

Answer 4

the trait that is expressed

Question 5

define recessive trait

Answer 5

the trait that isn’t expressed

Question 6

define nucleotide

Answer 6

a sub-unit of DNA made up of a sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous base

Question 7

define Gene

Answer 7

sequences or sections of DNA that can determine your traits and make instructions for building proteins

Question 8

define Gamete

Answer 8

sex cell

Question 9

define Protein

Answer 9

a molecule made up of amino acids that can determine our traits

Question 10

define Ribosome

Answer 10

an organelle in the cell where protein synthesis occurs

Question 11

define transcription

Answer 11

the process where an mRNA copy is made of a gene’s DNA sequence to carry information needed to build protein

Question 12

define translation

Answer 12

the building of amino acids at the ribosome

Question 13

define ploidy

Answer 13

the number of chromosomes in the cells of an organism

Question 14

define haploid

Answer 14

a cell that has one set of chromosomes

Question 15

define diploid

Answer 15

a cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 16

define homozygous

Answer 16

both alleles are the same

Question 17

define heterozygous

Answer 17

both alleles are different

Question 18

examples of traits

Answer 18

eye colour, hair colour

Question 19

examples of traits determined by genetics

Answer 19

eye colour, blood type

Question 20

examples of traits determined by the environment

Answer 20

weight, height

Question 21

examples of traits determined by the environment and genetics

Answer 21

scars, language

Question 22

what is the link between genes, proteins and traits

Answer 22

genes make instructions for building proteins, proteins can determine our traits

Question 23

what does DNA stand for

Answer 23

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 24

function of DNA

Answer 24

holds your genetic code for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 25

function of chromosomes

Answer 25

structures that contain a person's gene

Question 26

what are the nucleotide subunits

Answer 26

adanine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

Question 27

name of structure of DNA

Answer 27

double helix

Question 28

what are the complementary base pairings

Answer 28

adenine - thymine, cytosine - guanine

Question 29

what is a polypeptide chain

Answer 29

amino acids held together by a peptide bond

Question 30

what is RNA polymerase

Answer 30

an enzyme that seperates the DNA strands and reads it to build a complimentary mRNA strand

Question 31

What is involved in transcription

Answer 31

DNA, mRNA, RNA polymerase

Question 32

where does transcription occur

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

where does translation occur

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

what is the input and output of transcription

Answer 34

DNA, mRNA

Question 35

what is the input and output of translation

Answer 35

amino acids, protein

Question 36

how do some point mutations result in the changes of an organism's proteins and traits

Answer 36

point mutation cause a change in DNA base sequences, change in amino acid sequence of protein, change in trait

Question 37

define alleles

Answer 37

different form or variants of genes

Question 38

how does mutation affect alleles

Answer 38

change in genetic code in DNA, new alleles formed

Question 39

what are the 4 types of mutation

Answer 39

deletion, insertion, inversion, substitution

Question 40

how does deletion work

Answer 40

removes a base from the sequence and changes every triplet onwards

Question 41

how does insertion work

Answer 41

inserting a base into the sequence and changes every triplet onwards

Question 42

how does inversion work

Answer 42

swaps 3 bases around

Question 43

how does substitution work

Answer 43

one base is changed and affects only one

Question 44

what is mitosis

Answer 44

where newly duplicated DNA is separated, and two new cells are formed. 

Question 45

what is meiosis

Answer 45

where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.

Question 46

what cells undergo and are produced in mitosis + what cell type

Answer 46

diploid, diploid, somatic cells

Question 47

what cells undergo and are produced in meiosis + what cell type

Answer 47

diploid, haploid, gametes

Question 48

how many haploid cells does a human have

Answer 48

23

Question 49

how many diploid cells does a human have

Answer 49

46