Biology

Question 1

Ex situ

Answer 1

conservation measures outside the natural habitat,
eg: captive breeding programs

Question 2

In Situ

Answer 2

conservation methods to protect and preservation of habitats and ecosystem
Eg: Ban on trading Endangered species

Question 3

Domain Sub categories

Answer 3

Eukaryotes: Contains DNA in nucleus
Prokaryotes: No DNA in nucleus (Archaea and Bacteria)

Question 4

Kingdom SubCategories

Answer 4

Animalia: Mammals, insects
Plantae: Mosses ferns, etc
Protista: amoebae
Fungi: Yeast
Archaea: Single cell org living in ext conditions
Bacteria: Single cell organism

Question 5

Deforestation

Answer 5

Permanent removal of standing forests leading to major increase in CO2 emission levels

Question 6

Fossil Fuels

Answer 6

Formed from fossilised living thing usually sedimentary rock and produces CO when burnt

Question 7

DDT

Answer 7

Dichloro Diphenyl trichloroethene

Question 8

Examples Of Invasive Species

Answer 8

Cane Toad, Rainbow Lorikeet, Feral Donkey

Question 9

Genetic Conservation Strategies

Answer 9

Seed Banks is a reservoir for plant genetic material, used to reintroduce and repopulate a species thats extinct or at risk of it

Question 10

Environmental Conservation

Answer 10

Regeneration of land and bush corridors in isolated habitats can help restore and return habitats to populations

Question 11

Management Conservation

Answer 11

Protection of areas and new rules/restrictions to control the environment
Example: Fish species that is harvested unsustainable way would cause a introduction of rule of only being fished seasonally

Question 12

Difference between Management and Environmental

Answer 12

Environment is the restoration and regeneration of the environment WHEREAS Management is controlling human impacts on environment

Question 13

Distribution patterns

Answer 13

Random: Randomly spread out (Trees).
Clumped; Organisms Grouped together (Fishes)
Uniform: evenly spaced apart ( Spruce trees)

Question 14

World Heritage sites

Answer 14

United Nations Educational Scientific and Culture Organisation supporting the identification, protection and preservation of a natural heritage
EG: Ningaloo Coast & Great Barrier Reef

Question 15

Impact Of Pollutants

Answer 15

Large amounts of Plastic rubbish end up in waterways = aquatic animals ingesting them getting harmed

Managed by recycling the waste or disposal of the rubbish appropriately

Question 16

Impacts of Invasive species

Answer 16

can over-run and take over an ecosystem as they have no natural predator/counter to control their population

Question 17

Impact of habitat destruction

Answer 17

Carnaby black cockatoo loses it habitat
Environmental: Bush heritage buys and manages protected land
Management: Cockatoo conservation centre rescue help rehabilitate and release cockatoos

Question 18

Keystone Species

Answer 18

Species which are relatively in low abundance yet have a high influential and disproportional effect on other species of a ecosystem

Question 19

KEystone Species ROles

Answer 19

Nutrient cycling, Seed Dispersal Predation, Important food source, Vital Mutualistic relationship (pollination)

Question 20

Example Of Keystone Species

Answer 20

Blue crab
- Often an important prey/food source for many
Plateu Pika/Elephants
- Often creates burrows required by many to live in, seed dispersal
Bees
- Vital Mutualistic relationship with flowers for pollination

Question 21

Biogeochemical

Answer 21

Descrbies how chemical elements are transformed and stored both biologically and geological components of earths biosphere

Question 22

ChloroPlast

Answer 22

Site of Photosynthesis

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

Site of Cellular Respiration

Question 24

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 24

Packages and finalises proteins

Question 25

Ribosomes

Answer 25

protein synthesis

Question 26

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

Answer 26

Protein Transport

Question 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

Answer 27

Lipid Transport

Question 28

Examples Of endangered species

Answer 28

Numbats, Red Pandas and BlueFin Tuna

Question 29

Fragmentation

Answer 29

the separation of some parts of the habitat of an ecosystem. resulting in isolated groups of organisms that were once part of a larger population.

Question 30

factors Affecting Soil degradation

Answer 30

Overgrazing, Hard hooves farm animals, Shallow rooted plants, Reduced tree cover, Overuse of fertilisers

Question 31

Salination

Answer 31

The process of increasing the salt concentration

Question 32

Introduced species

Answer 32

species that humans have intentionally or unintentionally moved from their native location to a new ecological region

Question 33

Biodiversity

Answer 33

describes the great variety of life that exists in our biosphere. Defined at 3 levels 1)Level of species (morphologically similar organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring). 2)Ecosystems: organisms living in complex communities and a range of different physical environments 3)Genetic diversity: number of genes, which code for all inherited traits

Question 34

Biodiversity Hotspots

Answer 34

numerous native species and a large number of endangered and threatened species.

Question 35

To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot an area must

Answer 35

1) Contain at least 1500 species of native vascular plants 2) Have lost at least 70% of primary vegetation

Question 36

Biological Species Concepts

Answer 36

Group of Organisms that share the same gene pool this gives them the capacity to interbreed and produce fertile and viable offsprings aslong their are not prevented by physical barriers

Question 37

Morphology

Answer 37

Characterises a species by its form (morphology) Eg. Bone Structure

Question 38

Phylogenetic

Answer 38

Identifies a species as the smallest group of organisms who can trace back to their common ancestors

Question 39

Niches

Answer 39

Organism able to inhabit a particular ecosystem are able to survive due to their biotic & abiotic factors.

Question 40

Growth Rate equation

Answer 40

Pop growth rate = (birth rate + immigration rate) - (death rate + emigration rate) = (br + ir) - (dr + er)

Question 41

gross primary productivity (GPP)

Answer 41

total amount of energy that flows through the producers

Question 42

Net primary productivity

Answer 42

amount of energy available to consumers

Question 43

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 43

CO2 + H2O ---> (sunlight) C6H12O6 Glucose + O2

Question 44

Cellular Respiration

Answer 44

Glucose + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O +energy ATP