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Biology Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of cell

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Suspends organelles writhing cell, mostly water

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3
Q

Mitochondria

A

Performs cellulare respiration
Converts glucose & O2 —> energy & CO2

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4
Q

Ribosome

A

Help make proteins
- structure
- Function
- Regulation

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5
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transport different materials (proteins) within cell

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6
Q

Vesicles

A

Transport and store in/out of cell

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7
Q

Golgi Body

A

pack and carry proteins for transport in vesicles

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic information (DNA)
Inside: Nucleus, produce ribosomes

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9
Q

Vacuoles

A

Mostly water, regulates fluidpressure

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10
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Framework for cell strucutre

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11
Q

Cell Wall

A

Proviodes Structure, Outside of cell membrane (Plants only)

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12
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis, traps suns energy to make glucose (plants only)

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13
Q

Lysome

A

Break down of materials

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14
Q

Every cell in an organism has the same:

A

DNA molecule

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15
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Citosine, Guanine

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16
Q

What do genes provide instuctions for?

17
Q

What is DNA called in the nucleus?

18
Q

What does chromatin condense into?

19
Q

What is in the center of a double chromosome?

20
Q

What is each half of a chromosome called?

A

Sister chromatids

21
Q

Why do unicellular cells divide?

A

To reproduce an organism and to maintain a large SA/V ratio

22
Q

Why do multicellular cells divide?.

A

To reproduce, grow, repair, and replace damage cells, Maintain a large SA/V ratio

23
Q

What is the purpose of cell division?

A
  1. Growth
  2. Healing and Tissue Repair
  3. Reproduction
24
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis? And what comes after?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis

25
What happens in prophase?
1. Chromosomes condense and become visible 2.Nuclear membrane breaks 3. Spindle fibres connect to the two centrals 4.Centrioles sperate and move to each pole of cell
26
What happens in the Metaphase?
1. Centrioles are at poles 2. Spindle fibres pull the centromeres into line 3. Double-stranded chromosome align at the cell equator 4. Centromeres divide
27
What happens in anaphase?
1. Spindle fibres contract and pull the centromeres to the poles 2. Chromatids seperate 3. Single-stranded chromosomes are pulled to oppposite poles
28
What happens in telophase?
1. Nuclear membrane forms 2. Single-stranded chromosome uncoil and dissapear
29
What happens in cytokinesis of an animal versus a plant cell?
Animal: Proteins pinch in the middle of the cell to seperate Plant: Golgi body produces small vesicles, vesicles line up between nuclei to create a new cell wall
30
How much time worth of the cell cycle is interphase?
90%
31
What is G1 phase?
- Growth - Makes Protein - Gets ready to copy its chromotin
32
What is S Phase?
DNA replication
33
What is G2 Phase?
- Cell growth - Creates more protein
34
What is G0 Phase?
- Temporary/permanent resting period for a cell