biology

Question 1

what is diffusion

Answer 1

diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 2

in what states can molecules diffuse

Answer 2

liquid and gas

Question 3

cell membrane’s are said to be partially permeable. what does this mean

Answer 3

it means that only some molecules can pass through the membrane

Question 4

which molecules are able to diffuse in and out of cells

Answer 4

water, amino acids and glucose

Question 5

factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 5

temperature, concentration gradient and surface area

Question 6

why does a higher temperature increase the rate of diffusion

Answer 6

particles had more kinetic energy, meaning they move around more quickly and then they can diffuse more quickly

Question 7

what is osmosis

Answer 7

osmosis is the net movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane, from a reigon of higher concentration water to lower concentration water

Question 8

what would happen to red blood cells if they were placed into pure water

Answer 8

they would gain water and then they would swell

Question 9

what are the three parts of the circulatory system

Answer 9

blood, blood vessels and the heart

Question 10

what prevent the blood from flowing backwards

Answer 10

on each side of the heart the atrium and the ventricle are separated by a valve

Question 11

which ventricle has thicker walls and why

Answer 11

the left ventricle because it has to pump blood around the whole body

Question 12

which blood vessel carries deoxyganated blood from the heart to the lungs

Answer 12

pulmonary artery

Question 13

what blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Answer 13

the aorta

Question 14

what chamber are the pacemaker cells found in

Answer 14

the right atrium

Question 15

what do arteries always do

Answer 15

they carry blood away from the heart

Question 16

what do veins always do

Answer 16

they carry blood towards the heart

Question 17

what does the coronary artery supply the heart with

Answer 17

oxygen and nutrients

Question 18

what does the term ‘genome’ mean

Answer 18

the entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 19

what is another word for gametes

Answer 19

sex cells

Question 20

what does the term haploid mean

Answer 20

A cell that only contains half of the normal amount of genetic material

Question 21

are gametes haploid cells

Answer 21

yes. each gamete contains 23 chromosomes

Question 22

what happens when two haploid cells join

Answer 22

they form a diploid cells (contains 46 chromosomes)

Question 23

how many times does the cell divide during meiosis and how many cells are produced

Answer 23

the cell divides twice and produces 4 cells

Question 24

are cells produced by meiosis genetically unique or genetically identical

Answer 24

genetically unique as the offspring is made through sexual reproduction and the genes from both the mother and the father are passed down to the offspring

Question 25

where are chromosomes found in the cell

Answer 25

the nucleus

Question 26

what is it called when there are different versions of the same gene

Answer 26

an allele

Question 27

what is a phenotype

Answer 27

the characteristics an organism has as a result of their genotype

Question 28

which process is used to create gametes

Answer 28

meiosis

Question 29

during sexual reproduction in plants, which two gametes fuse together

Answer 29

pollen and eggs

Question 30

when fungi and plants reproduce what process do they use

Answer 30

mitosis

Question 31

when bacteria reproduce asexually what process do they use

Answer 31

binary fission

Question 32

which two factor contribute towards variation

Answer 32

genes that are inherited the environment that others are exposed to

Question 33

what does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' mean

Answer 33

the individual with more favourable characteristics are more likely to survive

Question 34

what did darwin say

Answer 34

Evolution through natural selection

Question 35

what did lamark say

Answer 35

evolution through 'aquired characteristics'

Question 36

what did woese say

Answer 36

discovered the 3 domain classification (bacteria, eukarya, archaea)

Question 37

what did linneaus say

Answer 37

classification of the binomial naming (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species)

Question 38

describe natural selection

Answer 38

- variation within a species (mutation) - selection pressure (selects who is the best suited) - survive -> breed - pass on the gene for the offspring - offspring will have allele/gene - increase overtime in a population

Question 39

describe selective breeding

Answer 39

- variation - humans choose/select desired traits that are wanted - pick two parents with the desired traits - breed them (pass on gene) - look at offspring select best mate - breed the best of the best - trait becomes prevalent in population

Question 40

describe genetic engineering

Answer 40

- take organism with desired trait - cut out gene for trait using enzyme - put it into a vector (plasmid, virus) - put vector with gene into egg/embryo of desired organism (insulin)

Question 41

what is the role of mitochondria

Answer 41

mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and so release energy for the cell

Question 42

is cystic fibrosis dominant or recessive

Answer 42

recessive

Question 43

what does the term 'community' in ecology mean

Answer 43

all the populations of different species that live together in a habitat

Question 44

what three resources do animals compete for

Answer 44

food water mates

Question 45

what three resources do plants compete for

Answer 45

space light water

Question 46

is predation considered a biotic or abiotic factor

Answer 46

biotic factor

Question 47

what does biotic mean

Answer 47

biotic factors are also known as living things

Question 48

what does the term 'structural adaptations' refer to

Answer 48

the physical features of the organism

Question 49

what is an example of structural adaptations

Answer 49

shape of an organism the colour of an organism

Question 50

what does the term behavioural adaptations mean

Answer 50

the way than an animal acts

Question 51

what does the term functional adaptations refer to

Answer 51

the processes that take place within an organism

Question 52

what is an extremophile

Answer 52

they are microorganisms that live in extreme environments, such as those with high temperatures, pressures, or salt concentrations

Question 53

what type of organism is an extremophile

Answer 53

bacteria archaea

Question 54

in ecology what does the term 'abundance' mean

Answer 54

how many individuals there are

Question 55

in ecology what does the term 'distribution' mean

Answer 55

where the individuals are

Question 56

in ecology what does the term 'sampling' mean

Answer 56

means only counting the subset amount of organisms in a habitat. This is done because it would be very time consuming or impossible to count all the organisms