Biology Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a Nucleus?
The central part of a cell that contains the genetic material (DNA).
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
What is mRNA?
Messenger RNA; a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA; a type of RNA that helps translate the genetic code in mRNA into amino acids during protein synthesis.
What are Proteins?
Molecules made up of amino acids that perform a variety of functions in cells, including catalyzing reactions and providing structural support.
What is Transcription?
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
What is Translation?
The process by which a protein is synthesized from an mRNA template.
What is a Nucleotide?
The basic building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA; consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a Chromosome?
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains the genetic information of an organism.
What is an Amino acid?
The building blocks of proteins; organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
What is a Mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence that can affect the structure and function of proteins.
What is Cytosol?
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds organelles in a cell.
What is Mitosis?
A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
What is Meiosis?
A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells, essential for sexual reproduction.
What is Haploid?
A cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes, typically found in gametes (sperm and egg cells).
What is Diploid?
A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What are Gametes?
Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that carry half the genetic material of the organism and fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.
What is a Somatic cell?
Any cell of the body that is not a gamete; typically diploid.
TRACIE?
Transcription, Replication, Adhesion, Cell Identity, Intercellular joining, Enzymatic Activity.
ATCGU
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
