Biology

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Structure - A layer of fats (phospholipids) and
proteins which surrounds the
cytoplasm. It is know as the
phospholipid bilayer or “ plasma
membrane”

Function - Separates a cell from its environment
-serves as a barrier ; selectively
permeable (allows certain things to
enter and exit the cell)

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Question 2

Cell Wall

Answer 2

Structure - Rigid structure made of cellulose
and protein, surrounds the
membrane of plant, algal and
bacterial cells

Function - provides structural support for plant
cells and prevents cell from bursting as
a result of osmotic pressure

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Structure - Jelly-like substance that contains
water, nutrients and raw materials
of the cell. Consists of everything
bounded by cell membrane, but
outside of the nucleus.

Function - Holds all organelles within the cell.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Structure - Bounded by a double membrane
and contains DNA.

Function - Controls various cell processes

Question 5

Vacuole

Answer 5

Structure - Large membranous sac, especially
prominent in plant cells

Function - Storage area for cell waste, mostly
water and food particles

Trash Can of the cell

Question 6

Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Answer 6

Structure - Membrane bound network of
channels throughout the cytoplasm
that transport materials around the
cell.

Function - rough – involved in protein synthesis
smooth – contains enzymes used to
carry out biochemical jobs that vary
from cell to cell
eg. steroid synthesis

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

Structure - Oval shaped membrane bound
organelle, self-replicating, contains
its own DNA. Has a double
membrane, inner membrane is
highly folded for more reactions to
take place.

Function - Site of cellular respiration, produces
chemical energy in the form of ATP by
breaking down glucose.

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

Structure - Double membrane bound organelle
that contains light capturing pigment
called chlorophyll.

Function - Site of photosynthesis and the
production of energy rich compounds
such as glucose.
Plant cells only

Question 9

Centriole

Answer 9

Structure - barrel shaped structures near the
cell nucleus

Function - Organizes spindle fibres involved in
cell division, especially division of
nucleus and genetic material

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

Structure - found in the nucleus, complex of
protein and DNA

Function - DNA is the blueprint for the organism,
contains the information to make and
run the organism.

Question 11

Vesicles

Answer 11

Structure - Small membrane bound bubble
within the cell.

Function - Carries materials into and out of the
cell.

Fed ex
Delivery trucks

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Structure - dark section in the nucleus contains the genes that produce the

Function - RNA portions of ribosomes

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Structure - skeleton-like structure composed of
micro-tubules and micro-filaments

Function - supporting sub-structure of cell, makes
up flagella and cilia, so aids in
locomotion

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Structure - consists of two sub-units, the large
sub-unit and small sub-unit,
composed of proteins and RNA

Function - Involved in protein synthesis

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

Structure - Small, double membrane bound
organelle filled with enzymes
produced by the Golgi Apparatus

Function - “suicide sac”, enzymes are responsible
for digestion, destruction of damaged
organelles, kills cells in areas where
space is needed

Question 16

Golgi Body

Answer 16

Structure - stack of flattened vesicles
associated with the rough
endoplasmic reticulum

Function - Modifies fats and proteins and
packages them and send them to other
parts of the cells or for use outside the
cell

Post office of the cell