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Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What is a non communicable disease?

A

A chronic illness that cant be passed on

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2
Q

Name 3 non communicable illnesses

A

Cancer, Parkinsons, diabetes or chrones.

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3
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be passed on

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4
Q

Name 3 communicable diseases

A

Flu, common cold, Ebola, herpes, covid19

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5
Q

How do vaccinations work?

A

Inject small amount of dead pathogens into the body so they can create lymphocytes and destroy and recognise the pathogen

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6
Q

What is MMR?

A

Measles, mumps and rubella

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7
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

Vaccinate large portion of population to protect those who are unvaccinated

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8
Q

What are digitals?

A

Heart drug

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9
Q

Where do digitals originate from?

A

Foxgloves

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10
Q

What is aspirin?

A

Painkiller

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11
Q

Where does aspirin originate from?

A

Willow

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12
Q

What is penicillin?

A

Antibiotic

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13
Q

Who discovered penicillin and how?

A

Alexander Fleming from mould he grew

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14
Q

Why do we test new drugs?

A

Toxicity, efficiency, side effects and dosage

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15
Q

Step one of drug trials

A

Test on animals and human cells

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16
Q

Step 2 of drug tirals

A

Test on healthy human volunteers

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17
Q

Why do we test on healthy people?

A

So we can see what the side effects are, if they were sick it could be the illness side effects not the drug

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18
Q

Step 3 of drug trials

A

Test on sick patients

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19
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A fake drug that tricks the brain into thinking it works

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20
Q

What is it called when both doctors and patients don’t know who has the placebo or drug?

A

Double blind trial

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21
Q

What is the name of the drug that was tested improperly and caused limb deformities in babies?

A

Thalidomide

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22
Q

What was thalidomide used for?

A

Originally sleep medication but was used on pregnant women for morning sickness

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23
Q

Why was thalidomide banned?

Study These Flashcards
A

Babies were born with limb deformities

24
Q

Osmosis is the … of water through a ….

Study These Flashcards
A

Diffusion, partially permeable membrane

25
Enzymes are biological ...
Catalyst
26
What job do enzymes have?
speeding up chemical reactions
27
Give an example of a chemical reaction enzymes speed up
Digestion
28
Name the 3 enzymes
Lipase, protease and carbohydrase
29
Lock and key is where a s... and an e... must … perfectly
Substrate, enzyme and fit together
30
If an enzyme doesn't fit into a substrate it will ...
Denature
31
Name 3 ways an enzyme denatures
High temperature, high Ph levels and if it doesn't fit into a substrate
32
What do coronary arteries do?
Supply blood to the heart
33
What happens when you get coronary heart disease?
the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed
34
Why do coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed?
Typically build up of fats called plaque
35
P... cells are smaller than e... cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
36
What are Prokaryotic cells?
Are single celled organisms like bacteria
37
What is a feature of a Prokaryotic cell?
Lack a nucleus
38
Prokaryotic cells have one c... DNA chromosome in their cy...
Circular, cytoplasm
39
What does a Prokaryotic cells DNA contain?
Plasmids
40
Cell cycle is essential for cell g... and r...
growth, repair
41
Give an example of a cell cycle
Mitosis
42
How does cancer arise?
Cells loose control of their cycle leading uncontrollable growth and cell division
43
What happens when cells divide and grow uncontrollably
Tumours form
44
Chemicals in cigarette smoke damage the A... walls
Alveoli
45
What happens when Alveoli walls are damaged?
reduces surface area available for gas exchange
46
What happens when the alveoli become damaged
lead to Emphysema
47
What are alveoli
air sack in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
48
Emphysema is a condition where the A... lose their e... and break down reducing O... intake
Alveoli, elasticity, oxygen
49
What happens to the cilia when you smoke?
Paralyze the cilia
50
What are cilia for?
Clearing mucus from our airways
51
What happens when the cilia become paralyzed?
airways tighten and increase infection risk
52
Limiting factors are E... conditions that restrict the r... of the process, slowing or stopping ph...
environmental, rate, photosynthesis
53
Give 3 examples of limiting factors
CO2 concentration, light intensity, high temperature or high ph levels in soil
54
Photosynthesis is where plants convert l... energy into c... energy in the form of s...
light, chemical, sugars
55
Photosynthesis provides O... as a byproduct
Oxygen

Science (3 decks)

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