Biology

Question 1

What is a non communicable disease?

Answer 1

A chronic illness that cant be passed on

Question 2

Name 3 non communicable illnesses

Answer 2

Cancer, Parkinsons, diabetes or chrones.

Question 3

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 3

A disease that can be passed on

Question 4

Name 3 communicable diseases

Answer 4

Flu, common cold, Ebola, herpes, covid19

Question 5

How do vaccinations work?

Answer 5

Inject small amount of dead pathogens into the body so they can create lymphocytes and destroy and recognise the pathogen

Question 6

What is MMR?

Answer 6

Measles, mumps and rubella

Question 7

What is herd immunity?

Answer 7

Vaccinate large portion of population to protect those who are unvaccinated

Question 8

What are digitals?

Answer 8

Heart drug

Question 9

Where do digitals originate from?

Answer 9

Foxgloves

Question 10

What is aspirin?

Answer 10

Painkiller

Question 11

Where does aspirin originate from?

Answer 11

Willow

Question 12

What is penicillin?

Answer 12

Antibiotic

Question 13

Who discovered penicillin and how?

Answer 13

Alexander Fleming from mould he grew

Question 14

Why do we test new drugs?

Answer 14

Toxicity, efficiency, side effects and dosage

Question 15

Step one of drug trials

Answer 15

Test on animals and human cells

Question 16

Step 2 of drug tirals

Answer 16

Test on healthy human volunteers

Question 17

Why do we test on healthy people?

Answer 17

So we can see what the side effects are, if they were sick it could be the illness side effects not the drug

Question 18

Step 3 of drug trials

Answer 18

Test on sick patients

Question 19

What is a placebo?

Answer 19

A fake drug that tricks the brain into thinking it works

Question 20

What is it called when both doctors and patients don’t know who has the placebo or drug?

Answer 20

Double blind trial

Question 21

What is the name of the drug that was tested improperly and caused limb deformities in babies?

Answer 21

Thalidomide

Question 22

What was thalidomide used for?

Answer 22

Originally sleep medication but was used on pregnant women for morning sickness

Question 23

Why was thalidomide banned?

Answer 23

Babies were born with limb deformities

Question 24

Osmosis is the … of water through a ….

Answer 24

Diffusion, partially permeable membrane

Question 25

Enzymes are biological ...

Answer 25

Catalyst

Question 26

What job do enzymes have?

Answer 26

speeding up chemical reactions

Question 27

Give an example of a chemical reaction enzymes speed up

Answer 27

Digestion

Question 28

Name the 3 enzymes

Answer 28

Lipase, protease and carbohydrase

Question 29

Lock and key is where a s... and an e... must … perfectly

Answer 29

Substrate, enzyme and fit together

Question 30

If an enzyme doesn't fit into a substrate it will ...

Answer 30

Denature

Question 31

Name 3 ways an enzyme denatures

Answer 31

High temperature, high Ph levels and if it doesn't fit into a substrate

Question 32

What do coronary arteries do?

Answer 32

Supply blood to the heart

Question 33

What happens when you get coronary heart disease?

Answer 33

the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed

Question 34

Why do coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed?

Answer 34

Typically build up of fats called plaque

Question 35

P... cells are smaller than e... cells

Answer 35

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 36

What are Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 36

Are single celled organisms like bacteria

Question 37

What is a feature of a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 37

Lack a nucleus

Question 38

Prokaryotic cells have one c... DNA chromosome in their cy...

Answer 38

Circular, cytoplasm

Question 39

What does a Prokaryotic cells DNA contain?

Answer 39

Plasmids

Question 40

Cell cycle is essential for cell g... and r...

Answer 40

growth, repair

Question 41

Give an example of a cell cycle

Answer 41

Mitosis

Question 42

How does cancer arise?

Answer 42

Cells loose control of their cycle leading uncontrollable growth and cell division

Question 43

What happens when cells divide and grow uncontrollably

Answer 43

Tumours form

Question 44

Chemicals in cigarette smoke damage the A... walls

Answer 44

Alveoli

Question 45

What happens when Alveoli walls are damaged?

Answer 45

reduces surface area available for gas exchange

Question 46

What happens when the alveoli become damaged

Answer 46

lead to Emphysema

Question 47

What are alveoli

Answer 47

air sack in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Question 48

Emphysema is a condition where the A... lose their e... and break down reducing O... intake

Answer 48

Alveoli, elasticity, oxygen

Question 49

What happens to the cilia when you smoke?

Answer 49

Paralyze the cilia

Question 50

What are cilia for?

Answer 50

Clearing mucus from our airways

Question 51

What happens when the cilia become paralyzed?

Answer 51

airways tighten and increase infection risk

Question 52

Limiting factors are E... conditions that restrict the r... of the process, slowing or stopping ph...

Answer 52

environmental, rate, photosynthesis

Question 53

Give 3 examples of limiting factors

Answer 53

CO2 concentration, light intensity, high temperature or high ph levels in soil

Question 54

Photosynthesis is where plants convert l... energy into c... energy in the form of s...

Answer 54

light, chemical, sugars

Question 55

Photosynthesis provides O... as a byproduct

Answer 55

Oxygen