Biology 2:cells structures Flashcards
(33 cards)
what does prokaryote and eukaryote mean
prokaryote - before nucleus evolved
eukaryote - after nucleus evolved
what is the endoplamic reticulum
3d network of membranes that are continuos with the outer nucleus membrane
what does the rough er do (3things)
provides a large sa for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
provides a pathway for transport
ribosomes present on outer surface
what does the smooth er do
synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates
where does respiration happen in bacteria
mesosome
infolding in cell membrane
whats is cell division in prokaryotes called
binary fission
what does the nuclear envelope do(3 things)
controls reactions taking place in it
controls entery and exit of materials
double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
continuos with er
what do nuclear pores do
holes in nuclear membrane that let messenger rna and ribosomes out of the nucleus
what is the nucleoplasm
jelly like material that makes up most the nucleus
what is the nucleolus
part of the nucleus that makes the ribosomes
mitochondrion cristaea(2things)
acts as an extension to the inner mitochondria membrane
provides a large sa for attachment of enzymes and proteins for respiration
what is the mitochondrion matrix
a liquid where some of the respiration reactions happen
what is the Golgi apparatus and what does it make. (3 things)
adds carbohydrates to proteins to create glycoproteins
produces and secreates enzymes that modify and store lipids
makes lysosomes
what are lysosomes
small part of golgi
contains enzymes that are used to digest bacteria,worn out cells or release enzymes out of the cell
(special type of golgi vesicles)
what are cristae
inner membrane infoldings where the enzymes used in respiration are embedded
what does a ribosome contain
intermembrane space
inner membrane space
outer membrane
cristae
matrix
what does chlorophyll contain
dna
glucose stroed in starch grain
ribosomes
granum - stack of membrane called thylakoid which is where enzymes containing photosynthesis are attatched
whats different about the dna in chlorophyll
shorter,fewer genes which are circular
not linked by special proteins called histomes
what do golgi vesicles do
store and transport modified proteins and lipids from the golgi apparatus to target cell
name the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
no membrane bound organells
smaller ribosomes
cell wall that contains murein(glycoprotein)
no plasmids
what do prokaryotes contain that is different to eukaryotes
one or more plasmids
capsule surrounding cell
one or more flagella
4 key features of a virus
non living
can not reproduce on its own
cant generate its own energy
no cytoplasm
why are viruses not considered cells
they don’t contain a cytoplasm
state the structure of virus
attachment proteins
lipid envelope
matrix
capsid
genetic material(rna)
reverse transcriptase(enzyme)
