Biology

Question 1

What controls the chemical reactions inside cells?

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

How is a nerve cell specialised?

Answer 2

Function - to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body

Specialisations -
Long
Connections at each end
Can carry electrical signals

Question 3

How are villi specialised?

Answer 3

Function - to absorb nutrients

Specialisations -
Large surface area
Large blood flow

Question 4

What happens to a plant cell if you put it in pure water?

Answer 4

The cell wll fill with water and become turgid

Question 5

What do vacuoles of plant cells contain?

Answer 5

Cell sap

Question 6

How is a root hair cell specialised?

Answer 6

Function - to absorb water and minerals

Specialisations -
Large surface area

Question 7

What is osmosis and where does it occur?

Answer 7

Water particles move from a net high area of concentration to a low area of concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Osmosisoccurs in root hair cells

Question 8

How is a guard cell specialised?

Answer 8

Function - to open/close stomata

Specialisations -
Sausage shaped and able to change shape

Question 9

What happens to a plant cell if you put it in highly salty water?

Answer 9

The cell will shrink and become flaccid

Question 10

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 10

To strengthen the cell

Question 11

What is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 11

To absorb light energy to make food via photosynthesis

Question 12

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 12

it is filled with cell sap and provides a store of water

Question 13

What affects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 13

The temperature and concentration difference

Question 14

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 14

Where energy is released from respiration

Question 15

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 15

Where protein synthesis occurs

Question 16

How are red blood cells specialised?

Answer 16

Large surface area for oxygen
Haemoglobin which binds the oxygen
No nucleus when mature

Question 17

What is the function of a nucleus

Answer 17

Contains the DNA and controls the activities of the cell

Question 18

What is the function of cytoplasm

Answer 18

Where most of the chemical reactions take place

Question 19

What is the function of a cell membrane

Answer 19

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

Question 20

What is diffusion and where does it take place?

Answer 20

Diffusion is the net movement of particles of gas(or liquid) from a high area of concentration to a low area of concentration

Diffusion occurs in the lungs, this is how oxygen moves into the blood

Question 21

Where in a cell does AEROBIC respiration take place?

Answer 21

Within the mitochondria

Question 22

How do plants store glucose?

Answer 22

Insoluble starch

Question 23

What is the equation for AEROBIC respiration?

Answer 23

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Question 24

What is the difference between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC respiration?

Answer 24

AEROBIC respiration uses oxygen

ANAEROBIC respiration does not use oxygen

Question 25

Why do plants need nitrates?

Answer 25

These are needed to produce amino acids which are used to make proteins

Question 26

Why do plants need Magnesium?

Answer 26

This is needed for chlorophyll production

Question 27

What are enzymes and how do they work?

Answer 27

Enzymes are biological catylysts, they are protein molecules made of long chains of amino acids Enzymes work as a lock and a key, they have different shapes for different things such as a protease (for proteins) etc

Question 28

What minerals do plants need for growth?

Answer 28

Nitrates and magnesium

Question 29

What is the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

Answer 29

6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 30

What can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 30

Temperature Carbon dioxide levels Light intensity

Question 31

Where is the enzyme AMYLASE produced and what does it break down?

Answer 31

In the mouth ( converting starch into sugars)