Biology 3202 Quiz 1

Question 1

This meiotic process is key in the recombination of genes necessary for genetic variation

Answer 1

Crossing Over

Question 2

When does duplication of chromosomes occur in meiosis

Answer 2

S phase

Question 3

Each sperm cell contains:

Answer 3

22 autosomes and 1 X chromosome

Question 4

Meiosis occurs in:

Answer 4

The ovaries and testes

Question 5

Meiosis results in:

Answer 5

Eggs, Gametes, and sperm.

Question 6

All human somatic cells are:

Answer 6

Diploid (2n) with 46 chromosomes

Question 7

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

Answer 7

The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes, or sex cells. During meiosis, four daughter cells are produced, each of which are haploid (containing half as many chromosomes as the parent cell).

Question 8

What are the differences in Spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Answer 8

Spermatogenesis:
-Occurs in the testes/male
-Occurs from puberty-end of life
-Equal division of the cytoplasm
-Ends at meiosis 2 with 4 haploid spermatids

Oogenesis:
-Occurs in the ovaries/female
-Starts before birth, stops, then starts again until menopause
-Unequal division of the cytoplasm which results in polar bodies (they die)
-1 visible egg (haploid) while polar bodies die

Question 9

What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 9

Mitosis:
-Results in 2 identical daughter cells (2n)
-1 Division (PMAT)
-Line up at single file during metaphase + chromatids separate in anaphase
-crossing over in prophase 1

Meiosis:
-Results in 4 distinct daughter cells (n)
-2 PMAT divisions

Question 10

cell membrane

Answer 10

A double layer that supports and protects the cell. Allows materials in and out.

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles and invaders.

Question 12

cytoplasm

Answer 12

Jelly-like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles.

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

The control center of the cell. Contains the DNA

Question 14

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 14

Surrounds the nucleus.

Question 15

nucleolus

Answer 15

A round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

Question 16

vacuole

Answer 16

stores food and water

Question 17

mitochondria

Answer 17

The “Powerhouse”. Breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Question 18

Rough E.R

Answer 18

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Has ribosomes on it.

Question 19

Smooth E.R

Answer 19

Builds and transports substances through the cell. Doesn’t have ribosomes on it.

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

Helps make proteins for the cell.

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

Gives shape and protection to plant cells.

Question 22

chloroplast

Answer 22

Changes sunlight into sugar for plant cells. Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 23

Which Phase?
* the chromatin condenses into tightly packed chromosomes.
* The nuclear membrane breaks down, releasing the chromosomes into the cytoplasm.
* The nucleolus disappears.
* One pair of centrioles move apart to opposite poles of the cell.
* As the centrioles move apart, a network of fibres called the spindle fibres forms
between them. Each spindle fibre is made of microtubules

Answer 23

Prophase

Question 24

Which Phase?
* The spindle fibres guide the chromosomes to the equator, or centre line, of the
* cell.
* The spindle fibres from opposite poles attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

Answer 24

Metaphase

Question 25

Which phase? Each centromere splits apart and the sister chromatids separate from one another. * The spindle fibres that link the centromeres to the poles of the cell shorten. As these fibres shorten, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles. * At the end of anaphase, one complete diploid set of chromosomes has been gathered at each pole of the elongated cell.

Answer 25

Anaphase

Question 26

* The chromatids begin to unwind into the longer and less visible strands of chromatin. * The spindle fibres break down. * A nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes * A nucleolus forms within each new nucleus.

Answer 26

Telophase

Question 27

A is an identical genetic copy of it's parent

Answer 27

Clone

Question 28

in Only one parent is required to produce offspring

Answer 28

Asexual Reproduction

Question 29

Some simple organisms, such as hydras, sponges, and yeast, are able to reproduce asexually by by allowing offspring to begin as a growth on the parent

Answer 29

Budding

Question 30

Certain species of sea stars, corals, and mosses can reproduce asexually by where pieces of the parents body break off and grow into new organisms

Answer 30

Fragmentation

Question 31

occurs when special cells in the stems and roots divide repeatedly to form structures that eventually develop into a plant identical to the parent

Answer 31

Vegetative reproduction

Question 32

Reproductive Cells that develop into new individuals by repeated mitosis when the conditions are correct

Answer 32

Spores

Question 33

Single parent cell splits into two equal parts that have the same copies of genetic material

Answer 33

Binary Fission

Question 34

What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 34

Advantages Disadvantage - 1 Parent Cells -Lack of genetic diversity -Reproduction is faster - a catastrophe could happen that could wipe out an entire species

Question 35

What is dividing during cytokinesis

Answer 35

cytoplasm

Question 36

What is the non-condensed form of genetic material, in which form genetic information is usually found?

Answer 36

chromatin

Question 37

What is the purpose of the acrosome on the sperm cell?

Answer 37

To penetrate the egg

Question 38

If oogonium with 50 chromosomes undergoes oogenesis, how many chromosomes are present in daughter cells

Answer 38

25