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Science 10 Pre-IB > Biology - 6.1 > Flashcards

Biology - 6.1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

4 Groups of Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Protein

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1
Q

Macromolecules

A

Complex assemblies of organic molecules

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2
Q

Polymers

A

Long molecules formed by linking many small, similar chemical subunits

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3
Q

Function of Carbs

A

Energy storage

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4
Q

Function of lipids

A

Energy storage and cell membranes

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5
Q

Function of protein

A

Transport, blood clotting, support, immunity, catalysis, and muscle action

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6
Q

Function of nucleic acid

A

Transfer and expression of genetic information

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7
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Forming a covalent bond between two subunits by removing an H2O molecule

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8
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Dissembling a macromolecule into subunits by adding a water molecule

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9
Q

Proportion of carbs

A

2H : 1C

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10
Q

What elements do carbs always contain?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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11
Q

Two types of carbs

A

Simple sugars

Polysaccharide

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12
Q

Monosaccharide

A

3-7 Carbon atoms

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13
Q

Disaccharide

A

Made of two monosaccharides

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14
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Complex carb that consists of many linked simple sugars

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15
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

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16
Q

Starch

A

Polysaccharide that stores energy in plants

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17
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide that performs energy storage in animals

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18
Q

Lipid

A

Insoluble in water

Energy storage

19
Q

Phospholipid

A

Seperates cell from its internal environment

20
Q

Steroids

A

Form sex hormones estrogen and testosterone

21
Q

How do fats and oils form?

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

22
Q

Why is a fat sometimes called a triglyceride?

A

Three-part structure

23
Q

Saturated fat

A

Contains all hydrogen atoms it can bond with

24
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

Contains double bonds between carbon atoms leaving room for additional hydrogen atoms

25
Q

Subunits of proteins

A

Amino acids

26
Q

Parts of an amino acid

A
  1. Central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom
  2. Amino group
  3. Acid group
  4. R group
27
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

28
Q

How many essential amino acids?

A

8

29
Q

Peptide bond

A

Bond that connects individual amino acids

30
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic compounds
Coenzymes
Tissue development and growth
Resistance to disease

31
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic compounds
Build bones and cartilage
Readily absorbed into blood

32
Q

Denature

A

The molecularbs shape, structure and properties are changed

33
Q

2 ways to speed up chemical reaction

A
  1. Increase temperature

2. Catalyst

34
Q

Catalyst

A

A chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction

35
Q

How do catalysts function?

A

Lowering amount of energy needed to initiate a reaction

36
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction

37
Q

Substrate

A

Reactant molecule

38
Q

Active site

A

Part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate

39
Q

Factors affecting enzyme action

A
  1. Temperature
  2. pH
  3. Inhibitors
40
Q

Inhibitor

A

Molecules that attach to the enzyme that reduce its ability to bind substrate

41
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

Attach to the enzyme in its active site which blocks the substrate and stops enzyme activity

42
Q

Non-competitive inhibitor

A

Attach elsewhere on the enzyme which changes the 3D shape of enzyme so substrate can’t fit anymore

43
Q

Function of DNA

A

Direct an organisms growth and development by chemical code

44
Q

Function of RNA

A

Copies genetic information so a cell can synthesize proteins

Science 10 Pre-IB (3 decks)

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