Biology 6.1 Digestion

Question 1

Define Ingestion

Answer 1

Eating food

Question 2

Define Digestion

Answer 2

The chemical breakdown of food into smaller molecules

Question 3

Define Absorption

Answer 3

Passage of smaller molecules from the digestive system into the bloodstream or lymphatic system

Question 4

Define Transport in reference to the digestive system

Answer 4

Delivery of small molecules to tissues by the circulatory system

Question 5

When eating food, what 4 major macro molecules are ingested?

Answer 5

Nucleic Acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates

Question 6

In digestion, explain how Nucleic acids are ingested and broken down

Answer 6

Nucleic acids are ingested as DNA and RNA and are broken down into nucleotides.

Question 7

In digestion, explain how Proteins are ingested and broken down

Answer 7

Proteins are ingested as proteins and are broken down into amino acids.

Question 8

In digestion, explain how lipids are ingested and broken down

Answer 8

Lipids are ingested as triglycerides and are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 9

In digestion, explain how carbohydrates are ingested and broken down

Answer 9

Carbohydrates are ingested as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides and are broken down into monosaccharides.

Question 10

What type of enzyme reactions occur in digestion

Answer 10

Catabolic: catabolic reactions are when larger complex molecules are broken down into their individual components. This process realizes energy

Question 11

What can speed up an enzyme reaction?

Answer 11

Increasing temperature, however the human body cannot withstand high temperatures without destroying or causing damage to cellular structures

Question 12

What is the digestive system also known as

Answer 12

Alimentary canal

Question 13

Where does the digestive system begin and end

Answer 13

Begins with mouth ends with anus

Question 14

What is peristalsis?

Answer 14

Muscular contraction that push food through the digestive tract

Question 15

What enzymes does the pancreas produce?

Answer 15

Lipase, Amylase and Trypsin

Question 16

What does lipase to in digestion?

Answer 16

Acts on lipids and hydrolyzes them into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 17

What does amylase do in digestion?

Answer 17

Acts on starch and hydrolyzes them into maltose (a disaccharide)

Question 18

What does Trypsin do in digestion?

Answer 18

Acts on proteins and hydrolyzes a long polypeptide into shorter polypeptides.

Question 19

What role does the pancreas have during digestion (pH)?

Answer 19

The pH of the stomach is very acidic siting at approximately a 2 on the pH scale. The enzymes that come from the pancreas require a pH of approximately 7. To remedy this the Pancreas secretes a

Question 20

Aside from enzymes what else does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 20

Hormones

Question 21

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 21

Its a valve in the stomach that opens and releases food from the stomach to the small intestine. It also secretes hormones that stop the production of gastric juices

Question 22

What is the role of HCI (hydrochloric acid) in digestion?

Answer 22

Denatures proteins, causing them to unfold and be susceptible to digestive enzymes. It also activities enzyme pepsinogen which breaks proteins into smaller polypeptides. Kills pathogens in food such as bacteria