Biology 6.4

Question 1

The four large molecules

Answer 1

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

A large molecule composed of many small repeating units (monomers)

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

A small molecule that can bond to other monomers to make a polymer

Question 4

What happens when two monomers are joined? What is this process called?

Answer 4

a molecule of water is removed, dehydration synthesis

Question 5

Lipids’ shared characteristic

Answer 5

Hydrophobic

Question 6

Which four nitrogen bases are found in DNA?

Answer 6

1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Thymine (different base)
4. Cyrose

Question 7

Which four nitrogen bases are found in RNA?

Answer 7

1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Uracil (different base)
4. Cytosine

Question 8

Approximate ratio for carbohydrate + what atoms are in it

Answer 8

C:H:O / 1: 2 : 1

Question 9

Approximate ratio for lipids + what atoms are in it

Answer 9

C:H:O / x : 2x : 6

Question 10

Atoms in proteins

Answer 10

C, H, O, N, S

Question 11

Atoms in nucleic acids

Answer 11

C, H, O, N, P

Question 12

Differences between RNA and DNA (3)

Answer 12

DNA:
1. Double-stranded
2. Deoxyribose sugar
3. Thymine

RNA:
1. Single-stranded
2. Ribose sugar
3. Uracil

Question 13

Difference between deoxyribose and ribose sugars

Answer 13

Ribose has one more oxygen compared to deoxyribose

Question 14

Functions of a carbohydrate (3)

Answer 14

1. Main energy source for all living things
2. Structural
   a) plant cell walls (cellulose)
   b) cell membranes
   c) exoskeleton of insects (chitin)
3. Fiber in the diet
   a) proper digestion
   b) reduces risk of heart attacks
   c) reduce risk of type 2 diabetes

Question 15

Function of lipids (4) - 1st

Answer 15

1. Long-term ENERGY/storage
2. Main component in CELL MEMBRANES (phospholipid)
3. WATERPROOF covering (hydrophobic)
4. Chemical MESSENGERS (hormones)

Question 16

Function of lipids (4) - 2nd

Answer 16

5. Help with VITAMIN ABSORPTION
6. Main components of MYELIN (covers nerve cells)
7. INSULATION
8. HOLDS ORGANS in place

Question 17

Functions of proteins (4) - 1st

Answer 17

1. Hormones - insulin
2. Defense - antibodies
3. Enzymes - lactose
4. Receptors

Question 18

Functions of proteins (4) - 2nd

Answer 18

5. Structural (keratin, hair, feathers, horns)
6. Transport (hemoglobin carries O2)
7. Storage
8. Contractile

Question 19

Functions of nucleic acids (2 types)

Answer 19

DNA: genetic material transmitted from parent –> offspring
RNA: conveys genetic instructions from DNA to build proteins