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Biology non-science majors > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Coccid

A

Sphere-shaped

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2
Q

Bacilli

A

rod-shaped

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3
Q

Spirillum

A

spiral-shaped

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4
Q

“Staphylo”

A

occurs in clusters

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5
Q

Strepto

A

occurs in chains

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6
Q

Binary Fission

A

Simplified form of mitosis (no nucleus) just copy DNA, stretch out, and divide
-Fast method of reproduction can make new generation in twenty minutes
Rate depends on environment (food supply, warm temperature, moisture)

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7
Q

Endospore

A

hick, a protective layer formed around the genetic material to protect it in the unfavorable environment until conditions improve
Must use very high temperatures to kill endospores and sterilize food
Methods of getting food depends on species

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8
Q

Autotrophs-

A

makes their own food (photosynthesis)

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9
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Use chemicals (nitrogen, sulfur)

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10
Q

Heterotrophs-

A

eat other organisms

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11
Q

Predatory

A

eat other organisms by killing them

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12
Q

Parasites

A

feed off living organisms

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13
Q

What is the biggest difference between Algae and a plant?

A

Adaptation to life on land

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14
Q

What is the only phylum of nonvascular plants?

A

Mosses/Bryophytes

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15
Q

One resource we use plants for?

A

Agriculture, lumber, medicine, fossil fuels

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16
Q

What is one adaptation plants made to their shoots in order to survive on land?

A

Roots

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17
Q

Which vascular tissue carries up water from the roots of a plant?

A

Xylem

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18
Q

What part of the flower produces the pollen/sperm?

A

anthers

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19
Q

What type of phylum do fungi like mushrooms belong in?

A

Club fungus

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20
Q

What benefit do fungi have for other organisms?

A

They are decomposers

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21
Q

What benefit do fungi have for other organisms?

A

They are decomposers, food

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22
Q

Bacteria is reproduced through the process called?

A

Binary Fission

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23
Q

What domain of organism is known for having no nucleus and can survive in harsh environments?

A

Prokaryotes

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24
Q

A protist that obtains nutrients by photosynthesis is in what phylum?

A

Plant-like

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25
A poison that is released from the cells of pathogenic bacteria that causes illnesses
Endotoxin
26
Which method of gaining nutrients is unique to bacteria/prokaryotes?
can break down chemical compounds
27
What characteristic is unique to slime molds?
They form a multicellular reproductive structure
28
How do viruses reproduce?
By injecting its genetic material into the Host's DNA
29
Protozoans move by crawling pseudopods called
Amoebas
30
What would a streptococcus colony look like? (Cell and colony shape)
It would occur in chains and the cells would be sphere shaped.
31
The_is a protective layer bacteria form around their DNA to survive dangerous environmental conditions
Endospore
32
Tissues
organisms with no true tissues are sponges, all others have true tissues
33
Symmetry
lines that create identical halves of the body
34
Bilateral
one line of symmetry (mouth to anus)
35
Radial
multiple lines of symmetry (circular shape)
36
Sac-like
only one opening to the digestive cavity(mouth)
37
Tube-within-a-tube
two openings to a digestive cavity (mouth and anus)
38
Invertebrates
animals without backbones (95 percent of animals)
39
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
no true tissues, unstructured cells, asymmetrical, filter feeders, no nerves or muscles, stationary
40
Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish, corals, hydras, sea anemones Radial symmetry Tissue level organization (no organs) Sac body plan (one opening – mouth) Polyp and medusa forms Stinging cells in tentacles to catch prey
41
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Bilateral symmetry, sac-like body plan Organ level organization Some free-living (planarians), others parasitic (flukes, tapeworms) Eggs sit on grass, eaten by herbivore which becomes host to larvae, carnivores eat the meat containing larvae, adult worms live in intestines of carnivore, absorbing nutrients from food eaten
42
Roundworms (Phylum Nematoda)
Bilateral symmetry (round body tapers at both ends) Tube-within-a-tube body plan Organ level organization Some free-living decomposers in soil Some parasites (ascaris, pinworms, hookworms) Larva and adults use same host (larva in lungs, adults in intestines)
43
Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)
Soft-bodied animals in a hard shell Bilateral symmetry, organ level organization Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle that produces shell, radula (on some) for eating
44
Gastropods
snails and slugs, spiral shell, move on slime-producing foot, head with eyestalks
45
Bivalves
clams and oysters, hinged shell in two halves, no radula, sedentary, use foot to dig
46
Cephalopods
octopi and squid, predatory, use tentacles for fast movement, have beak and well-developed eyes, internal shell, large brains
47
Annelids (Phylum Annelida)
Segmented worms (earthworms, leeches) Bilateral symmetry, tube-within-a-tube body plan Mouth, crop, gizzard, intestines, anus Body divided into repeated parts called segments Closed circulatory system Decomposers and parasites (leeches)
48
Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)
Bilateral symmetry, tube-within-a-tube body plan Organ level organization Jointed exoskeleton (head, thorax, and abdomen)
49
Arachnids
eight legs, spiders, scorpions
50
Insects
six legs, 2 or 4 wings
51
Centipedes and millipedes
more than 8 legs
52
Crustacean
aquatic, cephalothorax, crabs, lobster, shrimp, pill bugs (moist soil)
53
Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)
Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers Radial symmetry, tube-within-a-tube body plan Organ level organization Endoskeleton (hard plates below skin) and spines Water vascular system – water flows through body to provide oxygen and remove waste Move with tube feet
54
Vertebrates
Animals that have a backbone and a cranium (skull) Bilateral, organ level, tube-within-a-tube
55
Chordates (Phylum Chordata)
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord (spinal cord) Notochord (flexible rod between digestive tract and nerve cord, becomes cartilage disks in adults) Pharyngeal slits (grooves in the pharynx) Post-anal tail Not all are seen in adults, but all are present in embryos Body segmentation (seen in muscles, especially abs)
56
Tunicates and Lancelets (sub-phylums)
No bones around spinal cord No cranium All others are true vertebrates (have bones)
57
Jawless fishes (lampreys, hagfish
no hinged jaws in mouth, scavengers or parasites, hagfish have no bones, lampreys do
58
Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays)
skeleton is made of cartilage, fast swimmers, lateral line organs detect prey
59
Bony fishes
skeleton made of bone
60
Ray-finned
fins supported by flexible rays
61
Lobe-finned
muscular fins similar to legs
62
Amphibians
Spend first part of life in water with gills (tadpole), then live on land as adults with lungs Breathe through moist skin Frogs, toads, salamanders First vertebrates to colonize land
63
Reptiles
Land-dwelling, air-breathing First to adapt to live entire life on land Lay amniotic egg (fluid-filled egg with shell) Scaly waterproof skin Divided now into two groups: Cold-blooded reptiles – majority of reptiles Warm-blooded reptiles – dinosaurs and birds
64
Mammals
Endotherms, furred, produce milk for young
65
Monotremes
egg-laying mammals, secrete milk onto fur
66
Marsupials
babies born early, then mature in pouch attached to nipple
67
Eutherians (placental mammals)
carry young inside womb with placenta until mature enough to live outside body
68
Hominins
bipedal, human relatives
69
Australopithecus
first bipedal hominin, lived in grasslands instead of forests
70
Homo habilis
Handy man”, first hominin to develop tools, true hunters
71
Homo erectus
first hominin to leave Africa, made fires, clothes, stone tools
72
Homo sapiens
Africa (Ethiopia), originated between 160,000 and 200,000 years ago, second migration out of Africa happened about 50,000 years ago, spread and diversified More slender build, no heavy brow ridge, same as modern humans First species known to show culture (passing on knowledge, beliefs, customs, and art over generations, usually through language), cave art dates back 30,000 years, agriculture 15,000 years

Biology non-science majors (1 decks)

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