Biology

Question 1

What’s the function of a sperm cell

Answer 1

Head contains genetic info and enzymes to help penetrate the egg. Carries haemoglobin to carry oxygen

Question 2

How is the sperm cell adapted to its function

Answer 2

Thin and small.
Small tail helps it swim.
And contains mitochondria for energy

Question 3

What’s the function of a nerve cell

Answer 3

Transmit electrical impulses

Question 4

How is a Nerve cell adapted to its function

Answer 4

Long so can communicate with many parts of the body

Question 5

What’s the function of a muscle cell

Answer 5

To produce force and motion

Question 6

How is the muscle cell adapted to its function

Answer 6

Contains protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past each other= contraction

Question 7

What’s the function of a root hair cell

Answer 7

To absorb water from the soul by osmosis

Question 8

How is the root hair cell adapted to its function

Answer 8

Large surface area to absorb water quickly

Question 9

Function of the xylem

Answer 9

Transporta water and soluble mineral nutrients from roots throughout the plant. Also to replace water after transpiration

Question 10

Function of the phloem

Answer 10

To transport food substances( mainly dissolved sugars)

Question 11

What’s cell differentiation

Answer 11

When a less specialised cell becomes more specialised for its job

Question 12

What do light microscopes use to form an image

Answer 12

Light and lenses

Question 13

What do light microscopes do

Answer 13

Let us see individual cells and structures ( nuclei)

Question 14

What do electron microscopes use to form an image

Answer 14

Electrons

Question 15

What’s an advantage electron microscopes have over light microscopes

Answer 15

Electron microscopes have a higher magnification than light microscopes

Question 16

What’s the nucleus

Answer 16

Contains genetic material

Question 17

Whats the cytoplasm

Answer 17

Where most chemical reactions occur

Question 18

What’s mitochondria

Answer 18

Where most energy is released from aerobic respiration

Question 19

What’s the cell membrane

Answer 19

It holds the cell together. Controls what goes in and out

Question 20

What are ribosomes

Answer 20

Where proteins are made

Question 21

How many chromosomes does the nucleus store

Answer 21

23 PAIRS

Question 22

How many chromosomes do gametes have

Answer 22

23 SINGLE CHROMOSOMES

Question 23

What’s a stem cell

Answer 23

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can divide to produce lots more undifferentiated cells. They can differentiate into different types of cells. Depending on the instructions

Question 24

Where can stem cells be found

Answer 24

Found in certain places like bone marrow

Question 25

What’s diffusion

Answer 25

Spreading out of particles from a higher to a lower area of concentration

Question 26

What does a bigger concentration gradient mean

Answer 26

Faster diffusion rate

Question 27

What does a bigger surface area= in terms of diffusion

Answer 27

Faster rate of diffusion

Question 28

In terms of diffusion what does a higher temp do

Answer 28

= faster rate of diffusion •because particles have more energy to move

Question 29

What does oxygen do with cells

Answer 29

Oxygen diffuses into the cells for aerobic respiration. = release of carbon dioxide which diffuses out the cell to a lower conc of carbon dioxide

Question 30

What’s the definition of osmosis

Answer 30

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to a lower concentration

Question 31

What’s the effect of osmosis on a cell

Answer 31

Causes it to swell and expand= turgid Unlike an animal which would burst. This is because a strong cell wall

Question 32

What’s active transport

Answer 32

Where substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient. FROM A LOWER TO HIGHER CONCENTRATION

Question 33

What’s a cell

Answer 33

A basic building block that makes up all living organisms

Question 34

What’s a tissue

Answer 34

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 35

What’s an organ

Answer 35

Is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Question 36

What’s an organ system

Answer 36

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function

Question 37

Types of tissues in the digestive system and their function

Answer 37

* MUSCULAR TISSUE = to churn food and other contents in the stomach. * GLANDULAR TISSUE= to produce digestive juices, including acid and enzymes. * EPITHELIAL TISSUE= to cover the inner and outer surface of the stomach

Question 38

Order of the digestive system

Answer 38

* oesophagus * liver * stomach * pancreas * small/large intestine

Question 39

What enzymes does the salivary gland produce

Answer 39

The carbohydrase of AMYLASE

Question 40

What enzyme does the pancreas produce

Answer 40

PROTEASE, AMYLASE and LIPASE

Question 41

What enzyme does the stomach produce

Answer 41

Protease

Question 42

What enzyme does the small intestine produce

Answer 42

PROTEASE, AMYLASE, and LIPASE

Question 43

What do carbohydrases do

Answer 43

Converts carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 44

What does protease do

Answer 44

Converts proteins into amino acids

Question 45

What does lipase’s do

Answer 45

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids