biology Flashcards
(23 cards)
Photosynthesis
The process of a plant making its own food
Glucose
food made by plants/sugar
Carbs
Short term energy
Autotroph
organism that makes its own food
Heterotroph
Organism that relies on other for its food
pigment
the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.
chlorophyll
a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.
ATP
a high-energy molecule found in every cell. Its job is to store and supply the cell with needed energy.
ADP
An organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. With the addition of another phosphate group, it is converted to ATP for the storage of energy during cell metabolism.
AMP
a type of nucleotide particularly comprised of a nucleoside and a phosphate group. … One way is through combining two molecules of ADP during ATP synthesis by the action of the enzyme adenylate kinase: 2 ADP → ATP + AMP.
light reactions
the reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.
Dark reaction
he cycle of reactions (the Calvin cycle) which occurs in the second phase of photosynthesis and does not require the presence of light.
Krebs cycle
the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, consuming oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and converting ADP to energy-rich ATP.
Glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
respiration
a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
aerobic
with oxygen
anaerobic
without oxygen
fermentation
the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
lactic acid
a colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.
alcoholic fermentation
a process in which some sugars (as glucose) are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by the action of various yeasts, molds, or bacteria on carbohydrate materials
homeostasis
the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
The law of conservation of mass and energy
Matter can neither be created or destroyed
chromatography
the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
