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Biology Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What is diffusion

A

Particles moving from high concentration to low concentration

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2
Q

What is osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable surface

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3
Q

What is cell theory

A

All organisms are made up of 1 or more cells

Cells are the Basic building block of life

All cells come from pre existing cells

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4
Q

What is a prokaryotes

A 
Has no nucleus 
No membrane bound
All bacteria
DNA
Cell membranes 
Ribosomes
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5
Q

What is a eukaryote

A 
Has nucleus 
Has membrane bounce 
Everything but bacteria
DNA
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
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6
Q

What is cystoplasm

A

In both plants and animals
Cell material outside the nucleus
Contains oraganelles

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7
Q

What is a cell membrane

A

In plants and animals
The outer wall of a cell

Allows some molecules but not all

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8
Q

What is a nucleus

A

In plants and animals
Centre of control
Large oval body in the center of the cell

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9
Q

What is the mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell
Release energy through glucose
In plants and animals

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10
Q

Important formula

A

Glucose + oxygen ———-> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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11
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum

A

Connects nuclear membrane to the cell membrane

Acts like a highway for cells

In plants and animals

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12
Q

What is the Golgi body

A

Takes proteins and waste out of the cell

In plants and animals

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13
Q

What is the vacuoles

A

Stores food, minerals, waste

In plants and animals

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14
Q

True or false

Plants have smaller vacuoles then animals

A

False

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15
Q

What is a ribosome

A

In plants and animals
Make protein
Found in cytoplasm or near endoplamsic reticulum

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16
Q

What are lysosomes

A

animals only

Things stores for digestion

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17
Q

What are centrioles

A

Form spindle fibers in cell division

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18
Q

What is the cell wall

A

Only in plants

Gives the plant cells structure to stand up

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19
Q

What does the vacuole do in a plant

A

They store energy different

Starches and oils instead of carbon hydrates and fat

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20
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Allows for photosynthesis

Has the chlorophyll

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21
Q

What phase does the cell spend most time on

A

Interphase

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22
Q

What are the 3 stages of cell cycle

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

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23
Q

What is interphase

A

Takes nutrients to allow for growth and dna

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24
Q

What is prophase

A

DNA into chromosomes

The nucleus begins to dissolve

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25
What is metaphase
The chromosomes move to the middle The nucleus is gone
26
What is anaphase
The centromeres split
27
What is telophase
The chromosomes stretch out Nucleus membrane comes around chromosomes
28
What is cytokinesis
Cell membrane splits | All organelles separate
29
What is benign
Non cancerous tomurs
30
What is a malignant
It might have possibly to spread as a tumour
31
What is a metastatic tumor
Cancerous tumor and has already spread
32
How does radiation treat cancer
Causes mutations to a high level to which the cells can’t handle it
33
What is chemotherapy
Uses cytotoxic that stops mitosis
34
How do taxols work
Stops cells ability to break down spindle fibers
35
What is cell specialization
When cells turn into other cells to perform certain tasks
36
What are stem cells
Can differentiate into other cells Ex Muscle to brain cells
37
What totipotent
The ability for a cell to differentiate into all other cells
38
What is pluripotent
Cells that can give rise to all other cells
39
What is a multipotent cell
Can give rise to cells but not all cells
40
What is a Tumour
An abnormal growth of tissue in the body
41
What does carcinogen mean
Things that can rise the chance of cancer
42
What are benefits of sexual reproduction
Genes are diverse
43
What are benefits of a sexual reproduction
No partner More effective Complete clone of yourself with
44
What does a root system do
Plant sticks to ground Gets water / materials from soil Storage
45
What does the shoot system do
``` Photosynthesis Flower production Made up of Flower Stem Leaf ```
46
What are ways pollen can spread
Animals such as bees and wind/misses
47
What are the 3 tissues in plants
Dermal Vascular Ground
48
What is the dermal tissue
Has epidermal tissue that protects the plant from water loss
49
What is the vascular tissue
There’s 2 types Xylem-transports water Phloem-transposed sugar and other chemicals
50
Name the 3 blood vessels
Arteries-transport oxygenated blood away from blood Veins- transport deoxygenated blood to blood Capilares-exchanges blood and body cells
51
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen and nutrients
52
What do white blood cells do
Defend the body from infections
53
What do platelets do
Make blood clots
54
How many chambers in a heart
4
55
what is a trachea
the windpipe for air exchange
56
what is a bronchi
breaks into bronchioles
57
what is a Alveoli
exchange co2 and o2 within the blood
58
what is a diaphragm
the muscle that changes the shape of the lungs
59
What do arteries do
carry blood away from heart
60
what do veins do
carry blood to heart
61
what is a capillary
the exchange of blood and body cells
62
what is blood pressure
the pressure of blood
63
What is the mouth
where the ingestion occurs
64
What is the esophagus
moves food from throat to stomach
65
what us the Epiglottis
a flap that closes the windpipe so food doesn't enter
66
what is the Stomach
stores and breaks down the food you eat
67
what is the Duodenum
food that is digested using enzymes
68
what is the Jejunum
majority of the intake of food into the blood stream
69
what is the Ileum
absorbs bile
70
what is the liver
filters out toxins from alcohol
71
what is the Pancreas
regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
72
what is the Large Intestine
absorbs lots of water and waste
73
what are the Salivary glands
make saliva` that helps with swallowing food
74
what is the Spinal Cord
sends sensory info to brain
75
what are Neurons
carry sensory information
76
what is a sensory receptor
feel temperature, pain, texture
77
What are the 3 neurons
motor-relates to muscles or spinal cord sensory- senses inter neuron-responsible for reflexes
78
what is the Central Nervous System
contains brain and spinal cord
79
what is the Peripheral Nervous System
voluntary muscles carries info to sensory organs has sensory receptors
80
what are Gametes
sperm cells/egg cells
81
what is menstruation
the female body getting rid of a unfertilized egg
82
what is a Zygote
start of the fertilization of an egg
83
what are Follicles
a sac/gland
84
what is the Uterus
where the egg is stored
85
what are Fallopian tubes
where the egg travels from to reach the uterus
86
what is the Cervix
forms the lower end of the uterus
87
what are the Vas Deferens
where sperm travels to reach urethra
88
what are the Testes
produce sperm

Science (2 decks)

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