Biology

Question 1

What are the signs of life? (MRS GREN)

Answer 1

Movement
reproduction
sensitivity
growth
respiration
excretion
nutrition

Question 2

what are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 2

plants
animals
fungi
protists
prokaryotes

Question 3

which of the 5 kingdoms are eukaryotes?

Answer 3

plants
animals
fungi
protists

Question 4

what are the 4 adaptions of a sperm cell?

Answer 4

loads of mitochondria
tail
large nucleus
acrosome (the hard hit on the head)

Question 5

what are the 3 adaptions of a neurone cell?

Answer 5

long axon to send signal
myelin sheath to speed the signal
branched ends of dendrites and axion terminals

Question 6

what are the 2 adaptions of a mussel cell?

Answer 6

loads of mitochondria

spindle fibers to contract

Question 7

what are the 3 adaptions of a cilia cell?

Answer 7

cilia to waft mucus
loads of mitochondria
goblet cells

Question 8

what are the 2 adaptions of a palisade cell?

Answer 8

loads of chloroplast to absorb sunlight

nucleus at the bottom so it doesn’t burn

Question 9

what are the 3 adaptions of a root hair cell?

Answer 9

a extension to increase surface area
loads of mitochondria
has no chloroplast

Question 10

what are the 2 adaptions of a xylem cell and what do the do?

Answer 10

long thin and hollow
coated with lignin to be waterproof
and they transport water and mineral and make the outside layer of plants

Question 11

what are the 2 adaptions of a phloem cell and what is its function?

Answer 11

they transport sugar
sieve to cut off the dead bit of the plant
companion cell to feed and help the phloem

Question 12

how do viruses work?

Answer 12

they are tiny capsules that carry 1 strand of DNA that brakes into a cells and changes to ribosome to make more of the virus until the cell pops and let them all out and then the process is repeated

Question 13

what are the levels of cells organisation?

Answer 13

cell - tissue - organ - system - organism

Question 14

what are the biological molecules?

Answer 14

carbohydrates (starch + sugar)
protein
lipids

Question 15

how do you test for sugar/glucose

Answer 15

add a Benedict solution the more red it goes under heat the more sugar there is

Question 16

how do you test for starch

Answer 16

iodine solution and it will go black if it has starch

Question 17

how do you test for lipid

Answer 17

ethanol and it will go cloudy

Question 18

how do you test for protein

Answer 18

biuret solution if it turns purple

Question 19

what is diffusion

Answer 19

the movement of particles from a high to low concentration

Question 20

what is osmosis

Answer 20

the movement of water particles from a high a to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane

Question 21

what is active transport

Answer 21

the movement of particles from a low to high concentration

Question 22

how is active transport done?

Answer 22

a thing in the membrane called a transporter protein waits for cells to float randomly into it. then using ATP for energy it closes it front and opens its back and lets the particles float into then organism

Question 23

what are pathogens?

Answer 23

any organism that harms the body

Question 24

what are the four types of pathogens?

Answer 24

bacteria (salmonella, the plague)
virus (HIV, influenza)
fungi (athletes foot, ring worm)
a few protists (malaria)

Question 25

what do bacteria do?

Answer 25

they relate toxins that damage the body

Question 26

what do fungi do?

Answer 26

digest organic matter with enzymes (eg. skin)

Question 27

name a: 1) bacteria 2) fungi 3) protoctists 4) viruses

Answer 27

1 - salmonella 2 - athletes foot 3 - maleria 4 - HIV, SARS

Question 28

what are the organelles of a fungi?

Answer 28

- nucleus - cell wall (most made of chitin) - mitochondria - cell membrane - cytoplasm - permanente vacuole

Question 29

what are the organelles of a Bacteria?

Answer 29

- cell wall - cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosome - plasmid - circle of DNA

Question 30

what are the organelles of a animal?

Answer 30

- nucleus - cytoplasm - mitochondria - cell membrane - ribsome

Question 31

what are the organelles of a plant?

Answer 31

- nucleus - cytoplasm - mitochondria - cell membrane - ribsome - cell wall - vacuole - chloroplast

Question 32

what is transpiration?

Answer 32

the movement of water and minerals up a plant from the roots to the leaves

Question 33

how does transpiration work?

Answer 33

once collected by the roots water starts to evaporate and rise. Because of hydrogen bonds the next water molecule with follow the first and so on. This also transports minerals dissolved in the water.