Biology

Question 1

What is variation?

Answer 1

The presence of differences between living things of the same species is called variation.

Question 2

How is variation caused?

Answer 2

Causes:
Inherited (genetics)
Environmental

Question 3

Every cell in the body has DNA

True/False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

DNA is a long strand of genetic code.

Question 5

How is DNA divided up?

Answer 5

DNA is divided up into chromosomes

Question 6

How many chromosomes are there?

Answer 6

They are 23 pairs of chromosomes inside the human body (46)

Question 7

How many genes dies a chromosome contain?

Answer 7

A chromosome contains hundreds of genes.

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

Each gene codes for a specific protein - which gives us our unique characteristics.
Each gene is made of a small section of DNA.

Question 9

What are the smallest and largest cell?

Answer 9

Largest - ovum (woman)

Smallest - sperm (man)

Question 10

What shape is DNA?

Answer 10

DNA is a double helix.

Question 11

What is an allele?

Answer 11

An allele is a different/alternate form of a gene.

If the gene is eye colour the alleles could be: brown allele , blue allele or green allele.

Question 12

What are dominant and recessive alleles?

Answer 12

Dominant alleles are always expressed if they are present.

Recessive alleles are only expressed if there are 2 recessive alleles present

Question 13

What is it called if you have two of the same alleles?

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

What is it called if you have 2 different alleles

Answer 14

Hetrozygous

Question 15

What are chromosomes made out of?

Answer 15

Chromosomes are made of proteins

Question 16

How do you show in writing which allele is dominant and which is recessive?

Answer 16

A dominant allele is always a capital letter

A recessive allele is always the corresponding small letter.

Question 17

What is the genotype?

Answer 17

The genotype is the allele pair for each characteristic.

Question 18

What is the phenotype?

Answer 18

The phenotype is the observable characteristic.

Question 19

What are gametes?

Answer 19

Gametes are sex cells.

Question 20

What is the name of the genetic diagram?

Answer 20

Punnet square

Question 21

Is it possible to have two homozygous brown eyed parents to have a blue eyed child?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 22

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. It affects the breathing system and digestive system. The air passages in lungs are coated with a flow of mucus, which traps and removes bacteria. In a person with cystic fibrosis, mucus is thicker than normal

Question 23

Is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant?

Answer 23

Recessive

Question 24

What genotype will a person with cystic fibrosis have?

Answer 24

A person with cystic fibrosis has the genotype cc. They have inherited a cystic fibrosis gene from both parents.

Question 25

What is the chance someone will be carrying cystic fibrosis?

Answer 25

1/30

Question 26

What is the chance that someone with cystic fibrosis meeting and have children with another carrier?

Answer 26

1/900

Question 27

What is polydactyl?

Answer 27

Polydactyl is a genetically inherited disease in which you have an extra fingers/toes

Question 28

What does Asexual mean?

Answer 28

Asexual is reproduction with one parent.

Question 29

What is the gene pool?

Answer 29

The variety of genes available in a population

Question 30

What is a clone?

Answer 30

A genetically identical organism.

Question 31

How does cloning work?

Answer 31

If there is two sheep Sheep A and Sheep B. A body cell is taken from sheep A and the DNA is extracted. The egg cell is taken from sheep B and the nucleus is removed. The DNA from sheep A is inserted into egg cell from sheep B. This then gets an electric shock. This cell then develops into an embryo and placed into the uterus of a foster mother. Lamb is clone of sheep A

Question 32

Why have we selective breaded cows?

Answer 32

We have selected the cows with the most muscle and this gives us the most meat.

Question 33

What is artificial insemination?

Answer 33

When the bull's sperm is injected into a female's uterus.

Question 34

Why do we do selective breeding?

Answer 34

To select certain characteristics and improve the chance of having the perfect offspring. After generations they will be perfect. They do this to speed it up.

Question 35

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 35

In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosomes of humans and other organisms can be 'cut out' using enzymes.

Question 36

How is genetic engineering used to treat diabetes?

Answer 36

Genes that code for the production of insulin are inserted into the bacteria. The bacteria now produce insulin. The bacteria multiply many times, and produce large quantities of insulin. The bacteria are then removed, leaving behind the useful insulin.

Question 37

Examples of genetically engineered animals.

Answer 37

Glow in-the-dark mice and spider goat.

Question 38

Pro's and con's of genetic engineering.

Answer 38

Genetic engineering is good in many ways; we can produce more food, treat illnesses e.t.c. But however it is still bad in many ways. They are changing the ways nature has been for ages with unknown consequences.