Biology

Question 1

Ovaries

Answer 1

Store and release eggs

Question 2

Fallopian tube

Answer 2

Carry the egg to the uterus fertilization occurs here

Question 3

Uterus (womb)

Answer 3

Is where the fertilized ehh becomes implanted and finds nourishment

Question 4

Cervix

Answer 4

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

Question 5

Vagina

Answer 5

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

Question 6

Ovulation

Answer 6

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

Question 7

Menstruation (period)

Answer 7

The uterus becomes thicker and rich with blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg, if the egg is it fertilized by a sperm the thickened uterus lining is not needed and breaks away, the lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5)

Question 8

Fertile Period

Answer 8

These are the days of the Menstrual Cycle when the women is most likely to become pregnant, intercourse 2 or 3 days before, during or after ovulation could lead to fertilization because sperm cells can survive for this long

Question 9

Pause to menstrual cycle

Answer 9

If an egg is fertilized, the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation does not happen.

Question 10

Menopause

Answer 10

Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40’s to early 50’s

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

Produce sperm

Question 12

Scrotum

Answer 12

Where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than the body temperature for healthy sperm

Question 13

Epididymis

Answer 13

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

Question 14

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

Answer 14

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

Question 15

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

Answer 15

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allows them to swim

Question 16

Penis

Answer 16

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

Question 17

Puberty

Answer 17

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

Question 18

Male puberty

Answer 18

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released cause it the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

Question 19

Female puberty

Answer 19

In females when the sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body
The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring. An egg will be released every month until the menopause

Question 20

Fertilization

Answer 20

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may field with it.
The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together o form a fertilized egg.
The women is now pregnant.

Question 21

Embryo

Answer 21

The fertilized egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus.
This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embryo.

Question 22

Zygote>Embryo>Foetus

Answer 22

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
>Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth 
>Embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human 
>Foetus

Question 23

Pregnancy

Answer 23

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks.
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called AMNIOTIC FLUID.
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo.

Question 24

Umbilical cord

Answer 24

A tube that joins the embryo to the placenta

Question 25

Placenta

Answer 25

Is rich in the blood vessels, it is there that food and oxygen from the mothers blood passes into the baby’s blood, also wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

Question 26

Labour

Answer 26

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract

Question 27

Water breaking

Answer 27

The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vagina

Question 28

After birth

Answer 28

The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta comes out after

Question 29

Lactation

Answer 29

The production of breast milk

Question 30

Colostrum

Answer 30

Very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection

Question 31

Natural methods of contraception

Answer 31

Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoiding d intercourse during the fertile period

Question 32

Artificial methods of contraception

Answer 32

Prevent the sperm and egg meeting,
An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina,
Another example is the contraception pill which prevents ovulation,
It is important to realize no method is 100% reliable

Question 33

Inherited characteristics

Answer 33

Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents. The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm

Question 34

Chromosomes and genes

Answer 34

The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called

Question 35

Chromosomes

Answer 35

Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA

These chromosomes carry genes

Question 36

Genes

Answer 36

are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children

Question 37

DNA

Answer 37

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 38

Taxonomy

Answer 38

is the science of classifying organisms

Question 39

Classification

Answer 39

is the placing of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics. This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other. The basic unit of classification is the species.

Question 40

A species

Answer 40

is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. (Liger = sterile offspring of a male lion and a female tiger) (A mule is the sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)

Question 41

Variation

Answer 41

Variation means the differences in characteristics between members of the same species. Variations can be acquired (‘picked up’ during the life of the organism) e.g. riding a bicycle or inherited (genetic – can be passed on to next generation) e.g. tongue rolling.

Question 42

Natural Selection

Answer 42

is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce. E.g. peppered moth. Lighter moths survive in less polluted areas, darker ones survive in the cities. The genes for light or dark wings are passed on more often depending on where they live.

Question 43

Variation caused by environment: (where and how we live)

Answer 43

Variation caused by environment: (where and how we live). Our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do, and any hormonal factors affecting our body.

Question 44

Variation caused by inheritance

Answer 44

the colour of eyes of hair caused by the genes passed from our parents.

Question 45

Nature versus nurture

Answer 45

these two factors interact with each other. How tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their genes.