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Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

It carries the egg to the uterus, fertilization occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus

A

The (womb) is where the fertilized egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

The cervix leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

The vagina holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

Menstruation/Period

A

The uterus becomes thicker and richer in blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg. If it’s not fertilized by a sperm the thicken uterus breaks away and a small amount of blood passes out through the vagina

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8
Q

Fertile period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant
Intercourse 2 or 3 days before, during or after ovulation could lead to fertilization because sperm cells can survive for this long

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9
Q

Pause to menstrual cycle

A

If an egg is fertilized, the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation does not happen.

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40’s to early 50’s.

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produces Sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Is where the testes are, it’s located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm.

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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14
Q

Vas deferens

A

Sperm duct

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

Produces seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim.

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16
Q

Penis

A

It enters female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16.

18
Q

Male puberty

A

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body.

20
Q

Fertilization

A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells fuse with it
The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilized egg
The woman is now pregnant

21
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilized egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus
This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embryo

22
Q

Zygote - Embryo - Fetus

A 
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single 
-Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
-Embryo, which attaches to the lining  of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human 
-Fetus
23
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

24
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube called the umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta

25
Q

Placenta

A

The placenta is rich in blood vessels
It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood
Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

26
Q

Birth

A

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
The is called labour
The bad of amniotic fluid bursts “waters break” and further contractions push the baby our usually head first, through the vagina
The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after

27
Q

Lactation

A

The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant
The production of breast milk is called lactation
The first three days of milk is called colostrum-very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection

28
Q

Family planning

A

Natural methods of contraception aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid inter course during the fertile period

29
Q

Contraception

A

Artificial methods of contraception prevent the sperm and egg meeting
An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina
Another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation
It is important to realize no method is 100% reliable

30
Q

Inherited characteristics

A

Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents. The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm

31
Q

Chromosomes and genes

A

The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called

32
Q

Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA

These chromosomes carry genes

33
Q

Genes

A

Genes are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children

34
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

35
Q

Taxonomy

A

It’s the science of classifying organisms

36
Q

Classification

A

It’s the placing of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics.This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other. The basic unit of classification is the species.

37
Q

Species

A

It’s a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. (Liger = sterile offspring of a male lion and a female tiger) (A mule is the sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)

38
Q

Natural selection

A

Natural selection is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.

39
Q

Variation

A

Variation means the differences in characteristics between members of the same species.

40
Q

Variation caused by environment

A

(where and how we live). Our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do, and any hormonal factors affecting our body

41
Q

Natural selection

A

Natural selection is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.

42
Q

Peppered

A

Example of natural selection: peppered moth. Lighter moths survive in less polluted areas, darker ones survive in the cities. The genes for light or dark wings are passed on more often depending, on where they live.

Science (6 decks)

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