Biology

Question 1

Ovary

Answer 1

Ovaries store and release eggs

Question 2

Fallopian tubes

Answer 2

The Fallopian tubes carry the egg to the uterus,fertilisation occurs here

Question 3

Uterus

Answer 3

The uterus (womb) is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

Question 4

Cervix

Answer 4

The Cervix leads from the vagina to the uterus

Question 5

Vagina

Answer 5

The Vagina holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

Question 6

Ovulation

Answer 6

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28days

Question 7

Menstruation

Answer 7

At the same time the uterus becomes thicker and rich in blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg another word for menstruation is period

Question 8

The fertile period

Answer 8

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant
Intercourse 2 or 3 days before during or after ovulation could lead to fertilisation because sperm cells can survive for this long

Question 9

Pause to menstrual Cycle

Answer 9

If an egg is fertilised, the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation does not happen

Question 10

Menopause

Answer 10

Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40s to early 50s

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

The testes produce sperm

Question 12

The Scrotum

Answer 12

The scrotum is where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than the body temperature for healthy sperm

Question 13

The epididymis

Answer 13

The epididymis is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully.

Question 14

The vas deferens

Answer 14

The vas deferens (sperm duct) brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

Question 15

The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

Answer 15

The seminal vesicles,prostate gland and Cowper’s gland produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim.

Question 16

Penis

Answer 16

The Penis enters the female and ejaculates semen

Question 17

Puberty

Answer 17

Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop) , it normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

Question 18

Male puberty

Answer 18

Male puberty in males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

Question 19

Female puberty

Answer 19

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)are released the breasts develop, hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body

.The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring

.An egg will be released every mouth until the menopause

Question 20

Fertilisation

Answer 20

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it.The nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg.The woman is now pregnant

Question 21

Embryo

Answer 21

The fertilised egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus
This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embroyo

Question 22

Zygote >Embryo >Foetus

Answer 22

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single >Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
>Embroyo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human
>Foetus

Question 23

Pregnancy

Answer 23

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40weeks
As the embroyo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
The fluid provides a cushion for the embroy

Question 24

Umbilical cord

Answer 24

A tube called umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta

Question 25

The placenta

Answer 25

The placenta is rich in blood vessels It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood Also wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

Question 26

Birth

Answer 26

The Burt of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to connect this is called labour The bag of amniotic fluid bursts water break and further contractions push the baby out usually head first through the vagina The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta afterbirth comes out after

Question 27

Lactation

Answer 27

The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant The production of breast milk is called lactation The first three days of milk is called colostrum very nutritious and helps protect the baby from infection

Question 28

Family planning

Answer 28

To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place Natural methods of contraception Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

Question 29

Artificial methods of contraception

Answer 29

Prevent the sperm and egg meeting An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina Another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable

Question 30

Genes

Answer 30

Genes are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 32

Taxonomy

Answer 32

Is the science of classifying organisms

Question 33

Classification

Answer 33

Is the planning of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics. This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other. The basic unit of classification is the species. I

Question 34

Variation

Answer 34

The differences in characteristics between members of the same species. Variations can be acquired ( picked up during the life of organism) e.g riding a bicycle or inherited ( genetic - can be passed on to the next generation ) e.g tongue rolling

Question 35

Natural selection

Answer 35

Is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce

Question 36

Variation caused by environment

Answer 36

(Where and how we live). Our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do, and any hormonal factors affecting our body

Question 37

Variation caused by inheritance

Answer 37

The colour of eyes of hair caused by the genes passed from our parents

Question 38

Nature versus nurture

Answer 38

These two factors interact with each other. How tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their diet as well as their genes

Question 39

Natural selection

Answer 39

Is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce .

Question 40

Example of natural selection

Answer 40

Peppered moth. Lighter moths survive in less polluted areas, darker ones survive in the cities. The genes for light or dark wings are passed on more often depending on where, on where they live.

Question 41

Evolution

Answer 41

Natural selection explains how evolution happens. Evolution is the gradual change in the inherited characteristics of a species over time. Evolution can lead to new species

Question 42

Gamete formation

Answer 42

Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis ensures genetic variation among gametes

Question 43

Overbreeding

Answer 43

More offspring are produced (e.g. a tree produces many seeds ) than the environment can support