Biology 9 Weeks Test Study Guide

Question 1

What is the 2 pioneer species for Primary succession? Explain why.

Answer 1

Lichens and mosses. Because there is no soil present, lichens and mosses are required to grow because when they die, it slowly creates a soil layer.

Question 2

What is the 2 pioneer species for Secondary succession? Explain why.

Answer 2

Weeds and grasses because there is a soil layer already present which allows smaller plants to grow.

Question 3

What is the main difference between Secondary succession and Primary succession?

Answer 3

Primary succession does not have a soil layer present when the formation a new ecosystem occurs but secondary succession does.

Question 4

What is the definition of a Climax community? Explain why.

A) A community in the early stages of ecological succession.
B) A community that is constantly changing and evolving.
C) The final stage of ecological succession, where a stable community is established.
D) A community dominated by pioneer species.

Answer 4

C because a Climax community is the final stage of ecological succession. It’s an ecosystem that shows small change and has a high biodiversity.

Question 5

When does a climax community occur in the ecological succession?

Answer 5

At the end.

Question 6

How can humans impact the Water cycle?

Answer 6

Paving/Building/Development, which increases Runoff and decreases Infiltration.

Question 7

How can humans impact the Carbon cycle?

Answer 7

Combustion: When wood or fossil fuels, which contain carbon, are burned, causing major increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.

Question 8

How can humans impact the Nitrogen cycle?

Answer 8

Fertilizers: The use of fertilizers adds way too much nitrogen into the soil, creating an imbalance.

Question 9

List 3 examples of Renewable resources.

Answer 9

Oxygen, sunlight, and wind.

Question 10

List 3 examples of Nonrenewable resources.

Answer 10

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gasses), metal, and plastic.

Question 11

What is the goal of Agriculture?

Answer 11

Increase food productivity.

Question 12

What is the goal of Alternative Energy?

Answer 12

Provide clean energy to power society without negatively influencing the atmosphere.

Question 13

What is the goal of Industrial?

Answer 13

Increase manufacturing efficiency, transportation, and communication.

Question 14

What are the pros and cons of alternative energy?

Answer 14

Pro: Decrease in burning fossil fuels
Con: Expensive

Question 15

___ deplete the ___ ___, allowing more of the sun’s UV rays to get in.

Answer 15

1) CFCs
2) Ozone layer

Question 16

What is the key contributor to the destruction of the ozone layer?

Answer 16

Burning fossil fuels

Question 17

A high __ helps to maintain a healthy ecosystem where everything is balanced and stable.

Answer 17

Biodiversity

Question 18

Describe how global warming occurs.

Answer 18

Using nuclear energy creates radioactive waste. When radioactive waste is created, it depletes the ozone layer, causing holes and damage. This allows more of the sun’s rays to enter the earth, heating the planet more than it should. In addition, when combustion (E.g., burning fossil fuels) is released into the atmosphere, the ozone layer traps it. As more combustion occurs, more gets trapped, leading to the planet heating up and global warming.

Question 19

What are the 4 greenhouse gasses? List their chemical formula and actual name.

Answer 19

CO2 (Carbon dioxide), O2 (Oxygen), CH4 (Methane), H2O (Water)

Question 20

List the factors that contribute to a high population density.

Answer 20

Birth (Natality) and Immigration

Question 21

List the factors that contribute to a low population density.

Answer 21

Death (Mortality) and Emigration

Question 22

What does an exponential growth rate look like? What does it mean? List an example.

Answer 22

It looks like a J-shaped curve, which means that the population grows without limit, and an example is the human population.

Question 23

What does a logistic growth rate look like? What does it mean? List an example.

Answer 23

It looks like a S-shapedd curve, which means that the population grows quickly at first and then levels off,, and an example is fish, rabbits, trees, etc.

Question 24

What does CFC stand for?

Answer 24

Chlorofluorocarbons

Question 25

Briefly describe and give an example of each survivorship curve

Answer 25

Type 1- Late loss; heavy parental. Ex. Humans. Type 2- Constant loss; mortality unaffected by age. Ex. Some birds and rodents. Type 3- Early loss; produces lots of offspring at once, and many die immediately. Ex. Fish, mosquitoes, and turtles.

Question 26

List biotic limiting factors and density dependant examples.

Answer 26

Biotic / Density Dependent: Competition, predation, parasitism, and disease

Question 27

List abiotic limiting factors and desity-independent examples.

Answer 27

Abiotic / Density Independent: Precipitation, natural disasters.

Question 28

Logistic growth is more realistic than exponential; true or false?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Explain why water must cycle.

Answer 29

Since matter can neither be created nor destroyed, and Earth is a closed system, these essential nutrients must be continuously cycled.

Question 30

What are the stages of the water cycle?

Answer 30

Precipitation, transpiration, infiltration, evaporation, and condensation.

Question 31

What are the stages of the carbon cycle?

Answer 31

Photosynthesis, consumption, cellular respiration, decomposition, fossilization, and combustion.

Question 32

What are the stages of the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 32

Nitrogen fixation, consumption, decomposition, ammonification, denitrification, and nitrification.

Question 33

List the characteristics an organism must possess to be considered living.

Answer 33

-Must be made up of one or more cells -Contain DNA or RNA -Be capable of growth -Be capable of reproduction -Be able to respond to outside stimuli -As a population, be able to adapt to the environment and evolve. -Have a metabolism (Consume energy and produce waste)

Question 34

How many parents are Sexual?

Answer 34

2. produce genetically unique offspring.

Question 35

How many parents are Asexual?

Answer 35

1. produce genetically identical offspring.

Question 36

Give an example of a stimulus and response.

Answer 36

Stimulus- Our bodies get hot Response- Sweat glands produce sweat to cool us down.