Biology

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

element

Answer 2

pure substance that can’t be broken down

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

the smallest unit of matter that still has properties of an

element

Question 4

molecule

Answer 4

two or more atoms joined together

Question 5

intramolecular forces

Answer 5

attractive forces that act on atoms in a molecule

Question 6

intermolecular forces

Answer 6

forces that exist between molecules and affect

physical properties of a substance

Question 7

monomer

Answer 7

single molecules (can polymerize)

Question 8

polymer

Answer 8

substances made of many monomers joined

together in chains

Question 9

carbohydrates

Answer 9

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. can form

mono, di, and polysaccharides

Question 10

monosaccharides

Answer 10

carbohydrate monomers with formula: (CH2O)n

Question 11

ribose

Answer 11

5 carbon monosaccharide

Question 12

fructose

Answer 12

six carbon monosaccharide

Question 13

glucose

Answer 13

six carbon monosaccharide (isomer of fructose)

atoms arranged differently

Question 14

disaccharide

Answer 14

2 monosac. joined together by glycosidic bond.
results from dehydration reaction when water leaves
and forms a covalent bond (hydrolysis is opposite)

Question 15

sucrose

Answer 15

disac. made of glucose and fructose

Question 16

lactose

Answer 16

disac. made of galactose and glucose

Question 17

maltose

Answer 17

disac. made of glucose and glucose

Question 18

polysaccharide

Answer 18

multiple monosac. connected by glycosidic bonds

to form long polymers

Question 19

starch

Answer 19

energy for plants, alpha bonded polysac. linear starch

is called amylose, branched is amylopectin

Question 20

glycogen

Answer 20

energy for humans, alpha bonded polysac. much

more branching than starch

Question 21

cellulose

Answer 21

structural component in plant cell walls, beta bonded

polysac. linear strands packed rigidly in parallel

Question 22

chitin

Answer 22

structural component in fungi cell walls and insect
exoskeletons. beta bonded polysac. with nitrogen
added to each monomer

Question 23

protein

Answer 23

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. combine to form

AA’s and link together to form polypeptides

Question 24

polypeptides

Answer 24

polymers of AA that are joined by peptide bonds
through dehydration reactions. the chain contains
two terminals

Question 25

N terminal

Answer 25

side that ends with amino group

Question 26

C terminal

Answer 26

side that ends with carboxyl group

Question 27

Primary structure

Answer 27

sequence of AA

Question 28

secondary structure

Answer 28

intermolecular forces b/w polypeptide backbone | creates a-helices and b-sheets

Question 29

tertiary structure

Answer 29

3D structure that results from interactions b/w R | groups

Question 30

quaternary structure

Answer 30

multiple polypeptide chains come together to form | one protein

Question 31

protein classification

Answer 31

based on structure: fibrous, globular, intermediate | based on composition: simple or conjugated

Question 32

protein denature

Answer 32

loss of function and higher order structures. occurs | as a result of temp, ph, salt