Biology Flashcards
(86 cards)
The elements of life are:
Growth, Response to the Environment, Reproduction, Energy, and Organization in Cells
Definition of energy
the ability to do work; gives organisms strength to live
von Helmut
studied how tees grow;1600s, Flemish from Belgium, 1600s. (He didn’t actually figure out how trees grow but he showed it wasn’t from the soil.)
chloroplasts
the organelles inside a plant cell that absorb the energy from the sun and add the water and CO2 from the leaves to create food, which is glucose
glucose
The form of energy created by a plant
autotroph
organisms that make their own food. From two Greek words auto = self and tropha = food. Autotrophs are also called producers. Make food from sun, water, and air.
heterotroph
an organism that consumes energy from outside of itself. hetero = other. Also called consumers. Get energy from other organisms
food chain
a way to demonstrate how energy moves, starting with a plant like grass to a small heterotroph, to a larger animal, to a larger animal, etc. Key is that it starts as a plant then goes to consumer. Then…goes to decaying organisms that fungi eat (Decomposers)
ecology
how all the living and non-living things interact with each other in their environment
Alexandar Van Humboldt
July 1799 - Alexandar Van Humboldt went to New Grenada and South America, Peru, Mexico etc and recorded a book…father of modern ecology
biome
A region of the world with a certain kind of climate along with what lives there
What are 7 key biomes
Note: some scientists use a different category so may have a few more or less. Tundra Coniferous Deciduous Grasslands Desert Tropical Aquatic
Tundra
Coldest of all the biomes - Russia, Canada etc - comes from the Finnish word for “elevated wasteland” can be -50 degrees F. Short cold summers. Also has Permafrost - frozen land that stays frozen all year long. Moss and grass and tiny shrubs. Foxes, wolves, polar bears Cold artic weather.
Coniferous
A place with a lot of cone-bearing trees; south of tundra in north Europe, Russia, Canada, N USA. Cold winters and humid summers. (Not perma-frost) Moose, rabbits,
Deciduous
Further south - Eastern parts of the west and Europe and eastern China. Trees lose their leaves for the winter. Have four full seasons. Many types of animals. Cold winters and hot summers.
Grasslands
Cold winters and warm summers, but not enough rain for trees to survive. Only grasses and small shrubs. S. Africa, Argentina, Russia, Western US. Dark soils with nutrients.
Desert
Comes from Latin term for “something left to waste” Hottest, Driest biome with less than 10 inches of rain, Australia, Ethiopia, Southwest US. Cactus lives here.
Reptiles, scoropions.
Tropical
Western Africa, India. The opposite of a desert for rainfall. Up to 400” a year. There are more plants and animals than any other biome. More than half of all species in the world live in tropical.
Aquatic
There is twice as much water as land on the earth. Includes lakes, rivers, and other water.
Bacteria
Cells that have a cell wall outside the cell membrane. Ribosomes that build protein. Bacteria have a lot of these. Prokaryotic (single cell without a nucleus) cells.
Examples of disease bacteria that Europeans brought to the New World in the 1600s
Diptheria, cholera, bubonic plague
Pilli
Hairlike things on outside of bacteria that help it to stick to things
Flagella
Tail-like thing that helps the bacteria move around
Shapes of bacteria
coiled, circular, cone, twisted, rods
