Biology

Question 1

The nucleus contains the master set of instructions for a cell, it controls…

Answer 1

1. What the cell will become
2. How it will function
3. How long it will live

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

Question 3

Where are the instructions carried in?

Answer 3

The instructions are carried in Chromosomes

Question 4

How many Chromosomes do humans have

Answer 4

Humans have 46 chromosomes

Question 5

The chromosome consist…

Answer 5

of a single molecule of DNA divided into segments called genes.

Question 6

The Backbone is made of…

Answer 6

sugars and phosphate groups. There are 4 types

Question 7

What are the 4 groups of DNA

Answer 7

Adenine bonds with Thymine

Guanine bonds with Cytosine

Question 8

One gene contains enough code to…

Answer 8

make a complete protein

Question 9

Proteins are…

Answer 9

Essential for life

Question 10

What do protiens help with

Answer 10

1) Structural-Build body parts(muscles)
2) Transport-Carry matierals around the body
3) Hormones- Transfer signals from one body part to other
4) Enzymes- Speed up chemical reactions in the body
5) antibodies-Help immune response

Question 11

What are Mutations

Answer 11

Change in the order of base pairs in DNA, cause by physical damage to the DNA in one or many cells.

Question 12

What is a Mutagen

Answer 12

Substance or factor that causes mutation ex, x-rays, UV rays, Chemicals, mercury

Question 13

What are 3 rules of Cell Theory

Answer 13

1) All living things are composed of one ore more cells
2) Cells are basic structural and functional units of life
3) All cells arise from the division of other cells

Question 14

what is Magnification

Answer 14

The ability of lenses to enlarge the image of a specimen.

Question 15

What is Resolution

Answer 15

The amount of detail seen when viewing a specimen

Question 16

List the total magnifications

Answer 16

1) 4x10= 40
2) 10x10=100
3) 40x10=400

Question 17

All tissues in our bodies are made up of…

Answer 17

Cells

Question 18

Where are instructions carried?

Answer 18

In the chromatin

Question 19

What is a chromatin

Answer 19

A long thread-like pieces of DNA divided into genes

Question 20

What happens before cell divides

Answer 20

1) DNA is replicated
2) The cell makes a copy of every chromatin strand
3) These copies are called Sister Chromaids

Question 21

Humans have 23 pairs of chromatin in each cell what must happen before cell division takes place

Answer 21

All 23 pairs must be replicated.

Question 22

what happens before PMAT

Answer 22

23 pairs of DNA must replicate in each cell before cell division

Question 23

Once DNA replicates what are the 2 steps that occur

Answer 23

1) Mitosis

2) Cytokinesis

Question 24

Steps of Mitosis

Answer 24

1. Interphase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Question 25

Explain prophase

Answer 25

1- Centrioles move to the opposite ends of the cell 2- spindle fibers from between centrioles 3- Chromatin coils up into chromosomes 4- nuclear membrane & nucleus disinigrate 5- Chromosomes hooks onto spindle fibers by their centromeres

Question 26

Explain Metaphase

Answer 26

Spindel fiber shorten or lengthen puling chromosomes to align in the middle (equator)

Question 27

Explain Anaphase

Answer 27

1- centromeres split & each half pulls the chromatids to opposite ends 2- Chromosomes are now single-stranded

Question 28

Explain Telophase

Answer 28

1. Spindle fiber are disassembled 2. centrioles replicate 3. nucleoi and nuclear membrane reapper 4. Chromosome unwind into chromatin

Question 29

Explain Cytokinesis

Answer 29

Cytokinesis is the division of the cell into the two daughter cells, this begins near the end of Telophase

Question 30

The life span of cells in your body depend on what?

Answer 30

1. Function of cell | 2. conditions in which cell lives

Question 31

Describe Interphase

Answer 31

Interphase is - period of time between cell divisions - cell is growing & performing its job - DNA in the form of chromatin

Question 32

What happens at the end of interphase

Answer 32

At the end DNA replicates

Question 33

Celll divison will not proceed if...

Answer 33

1. Not enough nutirients to support all growth 2. DNA had not been replicated 3. DNA is damages

Question 34

What is cancer

Answer 34

cells that ignore stop signs and divided repetidly and excessively

Question 35

Cancer cell clumps are...

Answer 35

Tumors

Question 36

How can cancer happen

Answer 36

1. Spontenous 2. Inherited 3. Exposures to carcinogens

Question 37

What are carcinogins?

Answer 37

Enviromental factors that cause Cancer.

Question 38

What does Benign

Answer 38

Non cancerous

Question 39

What does Malignant mean

Answer 39

Cancerous

Question 40

Air travels through the nose or mouth and into the...

Answer 40

Pharynx or throat

Question 41

After the pharynx/throat where does air travel to next

Answer 41

Larynx

Question 42

what does the larynx

Answer 42

contains vocal cords that produce the ound

Question 43

During resperation where does air enter?

Answer 43

Trachea branches wich go in to two different bronchi and end at alveoli

Question 44

What are Aveoli surrounded by

Answer 44

tiny blood vessels called Callpilary networks that carry blood

Question 45

How does Gas exchange occure

Answer 45

By difusion

Question 46

When you breath in oxygen what do you breath out

Answer 46

Carbon dioxide

Question 47

What is the Circulatory system

Answer 47

A system made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart. (transports cells)

Question 48

What are some subtances the Circulatory system transports

Answer 48

1. nutrients- glucose, vitmens mineral and water 2. gases- o2 from lungs to tissue cells 3. wastes and toxins

Question 49

Main components of Circulatory system

Answer 49

1. Blood 2. heart 3. blood vessels

Question 50

what is blood consisted of

Answer 50

cells- red and white blood cells | plasma-fluid apart of the blood

Question 51

How many chambers in the human heart

Answer 51

4

Question 52

what does the right atrium do

Answer 52

Collects blood from body and heart itself

Question 53

what does the right ventricle do

Answer 53

Pumps blood into the lungs

Question 54

What does the left atrium do

Answer 54

collects blood from lungs

Question 55

what does the left ventricle do

Answer 55

pumps blood to body and heart itself

Question 56

What do arteries do

Answer 56

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 57

What do veins do

Answer 57

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 58

What do capillaries do

Answer 58

1. bring oxygen & nutrients to tissue | 2. take carbon dioxide &other waste away

Question 59

Name 3 organs that relase enzymes

Answer 59

1. liver 2. Gallblader 3. Pancrease

Question 60

Which organ absorbs nutrients

Answer 60

Small intestine

Question 61

What is ingestion

Answer 61

taking in food or eating

Question 62

Digestion

Answer 62

Physical and chemical breakdown of food.

Question 63

4 things the plant cell differs from animal cell

Answer 63

1. has cell wall 2. has chloroplast 3. large vacuoles 4. has no centrioles

Question 64

This part of the cell is the storage area for water and dissolved particles

Answer 64

vacuole

Question 65

When the DNA in a cell is uncoiled and spread throughout the nucleus it is called

Answer 65

Interphase

Question 66

What does permable mean in a cell

Answer 66

All things can pass

Question 67

What do ribsomes do

Answer 67

makes protiens according to DNA instructions

Question 68

WHat do Lysomes do

Answer 68

They break down excess or worn-out cell parts and contain digestive enzymes

Question 69

What are STEM cells

Answer 69

Stem cells are special human cells that are able to develop into many different cell types, this can range from muscle cells to brain cells

Question 70

What is cell differentiation

Answer 70

The formation of specialized cells